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- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Inferring_and_Explaining_(Johnson)/01%3A_Chapters/1.10%3A_Textual_InterpretationThe first of these sees the difficulty in the performance of the task in Hamlet’s temperament, which is not suited to effective action of any kind; the second sees it in the nature of the task, which ...The first of these sees the difficulty in the performance of the task in Hamlet’s temperament, which is not suited to effective action of any kind; the second sees it in the nature of the task, which is such as to be almost impossible of performance by any one; and the third in some special feature in the nature of the task which renders it peculiarly difficult or repugnant to Hamlet.3
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Inferring_and_Explaining_(Johnson)/01%3A_Chapters/1.03%3A_The_Concept_of_KnowledgeTo carry this example just a bit further, suppose the philosopher’s paper offers a definition of economic justice that suggests some kind of tension with other widely held values and social policies a...To carry this example just a bit further, suppose the philosopher’s paper offers a definition of economic justice that suggests some kind of tension with other widely held values and social policies and goes so far as to suggest that we will never have a concept of economic justice that everyone will feel comfortable with.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Inferring_and_Explaining_(Johnson)/01%3A_Chapters/1.11%3A_Statistics_-_Making_Sense_of_the_NumbersA contemporary philosopher of science Ronald Giere offers what he calls a rule of thumb for answering this question.3 He offers the following scale for correlating the size of the sample with the accu...A contemporary philosopher of science Ronald Giere offers what he calls a rule of thumb for answering this question.3 He offers the following scale for correlating the size of the sample with the accuracy of what is being measured: Based on the information in the Gallup polls, use the techniques developed in this chapter to evaluate the quality of evidence we have for the author’s claim that “the extent to which Americans take global warming seriously and worry about it differs markedly by age.”
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Inferring_and_Explaining_(Johnson)/00%3A_Front_Matter/01%3A_TitlePagePortland State University Inferring and Explaining Jeffery L. Johnson
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Inferring_and_Explaining_(Johnson)/01%3A_Chapters
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Inferring_and_Explaining_(Johnson)/zz%3A_Back_Matter
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Inferring_and_Explaining_(Johnson)/01%3A_Chapters/1.01%3A_Valuing_TruthAs I think about it, however, perhaps the most important lesson I learned was not the details of a particular approach to critical thinking but just the value of taking a little time out of a busy und...As I think about it, however, perhaps the most important lesson I learned was not the details of a particular approach to critical thinking but just the value of taking a little time out of a busy undergraduate career focused on the details of majors, minors, and career training and pausing to reflect on the more general questions of reason, truth, and logic.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Inferring_and_Explaining_(Johnson)/01%3A_Chapters/1.09%3A_TestimonyIn the testimony case a person comes to know something when he is told about it by an eyewitness or when he reads it in the newspaper. . . . No obvious deductive inference leads to a probabilistic con...In the testimony case a person comes to know something when he is told about it by an eyewitness or when he reads it in the newspaper. . . . No obvious deductive inference leads to a probabilistic conclusion in this case; the acceptance of testimony can be based on two consecutive inferences to the best explanation. . . . First, we would infer that the speaker so testifies because he believes what he says (and not because he has something to gain by so testifying, or because he has gotten confu…
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Inferring_and_Explaining_(Johnson)/01%3A_Chapters/1.13%3A_Capital_Punishment_and_the_ConstitutionJUSTICE WHITE concluded that “the death penalty is exacted with great infrequency even for the most atrocious crimes and . . . there is no meaningful basis for distinguishing the few cases in which it...JUSTICE WHITE concluded that “the death penalty is exacted with great infrequency even for the most atrocious crimes and . . . there is no meaningful basis for distinguishing the few cases in which it is imposed from the many cases in which it is not.” . . . Indeed, the death sentences examined by the Court in Furman were “cruel and unusual in the same way that being struck by lightning is cruel and unusual.
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Inferring_and_Explaining_(Johnson)/01%3A_Chapters/1.08%3A_Darwin_and_Common_DescentHow, then, can we explain these several facts in embryology,—namely the very general, but not universal difference in structure between the embryo and the adult;—of parts of the same individual embryo...How, then, can we explain these several facts in embryology,—namely the very general, but not universal difference in structure between the embryo and the adult;—of parts of the same individual embryo, which ultimately become very unlike and serve for diverse purposes, being at this early period of growth alike;—of embryos of different species within the same class, generally, but not universally, resembling each other;—of the structure of the embryo not being closely related to its conditions …
- https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Philosophy/Inferring_and_Explaining_(Johnson)/01%3A_Chapters/1.07%3A_Semmelweis_and_Childbed_FeverOne of them noted that the First Division was so arranged that a priest bearing the last sacrament to a dying woman had to pass through five wards before reaching the sickroom beyond: the appearance o...One of them noted that the First Division was so arranged that a priest bearing the last sacrament to a dying woman had to pass through five wards before reaching the sickroom beyond: the appearance of the priest, preceded by an attendant ringing a bell, was held to have a terrifying and debilitating effect upon the patients in the wards and thus to make them more likely victims of childbed fever.
