2.8: Appendix H - Il congiuntivo
- Page ID
- 170771
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)What is it?
The congiuntivo is used in the main clause when the dependent clause features certain verbs and impersonal expressions that express opinion, uncertainty, hopes, desires, needs, fears, and emotions.
Conjugations
Regular verbs
| guardare | leggere | dormire | capire | |
| io | guardi | legga | dorma | capisca |
| tu | guardi | legga | dorma | capisca |
| lui/lei/Lei | guardi | legga | dorma | capisca |
| noi | guardiamo | leggiamo | dormiamo | capiamo |
| voi | guardiate | leggiate | dormiate | capiate |
| loro | guardino | leggano | dormano | capiscano |
Irregular verbs
| essere | avere | |
| io | sia | abbia |
| tu | sia | abbia |
| lui/lei/Lei | sia | abbia |
| noi | siamo | abbiamo |
| voi | siate | abbiate |
| loro | siano | abbiano |
verbi -are
| andare | fare | stare | dare | |
| io | vada | faccia | stia | dia |
| tu | vada | faccia | stia | dia |
| lui/lei/Lei | vada | faccia | stia | dia |
| noi | andiamo | facciamo | stiamo | diamo |
| voi | andiate | facciate | stiate | diate |
| loro | vadano | facciano | stiano | diano |
verbi -ere
| bere | dovere | potere | volere | piacere | |
| io | beva | debba | possa | voglia | piaccia |
| tu | beva | debba | possa | voglia | piaccia |
| lui/lei/Lei | beva | debba | possa | voglia | piaccia |
| noi | beviamo | dobbiamo | possiamo | vogliamo | piacciamo |
| voi | beviate | dobbiate | possiate | vogliate | piacciate |
| loro | bevano | debbano | possano | vogliano | piacciano |
verbi -ire
| uscire | venire | dire | |
| io | esca | venga | dica |
| tu | esca | venga | dica |
| lui/lei/Lei | esca | venga | dica |
| noi | usciamo | veniamo | diciamo |
| voi | usciate | veniate | diciate |
| loro | escano | vengano | dicano |