2.5: Appendix E - Il passato remoto
- Page ID
- 170768
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)What is it?
Like the passato prossimo, the passato remoto expresses completed actions in the past. As its name suggests, it tends to be used to refer to events in the distant past and is often used in literature and historical accounts. It is less common in speech, though it is used, particularly in southern Italy, in place of the passato prossimo. For the purposes of our course and this book, students can start to recognize it and comprehend it within the context of reading, but memorizing and using the forms is less important at this point in your study of Italian.
Conjugations
| cantare | cadere | capire | |
| io | cantai | cadei/cadetti | capii |
| tu | cantasti | cadesti | capisti |
| lui/lei/Lei | cantò | cadè/cadette | capì |
| noi | cantammo | cademmo | capimmo |
| voi | cantaste | cadeste | capiste |
| loro | cantarono | caderono/cadettero | capirono |
Notice that, as in the passato prossimo, -ere verbs tend to be irregular. In fact, many of the irregular verbs in the passato remoto follow the pattern you can see in the verb cadere above: that is to say, the irregular forms are the io, lui/lei and loro forms. These are known as 1-3-3 verbs. If you know the first person form, you can deduce the others. Some examples include:
| leggere | scrivere | vedere |
| lessi | scrissi | vidi |
| leggesti | scrivesti | vedesti |
| lesse | scrisse | vide |
| leggemmo | scrivemmo | vedemmo |
| leggeste | scriveste | vedeste |
| lessero | scrissero | videro |
Other examples include: avere (ebbi), mettere (misi), nascere (nacqui), perdere (persi), prendere (presi), rispondere (risposi), sapere (seppi), and venire (venni).
Other commonly used verbs are completely irregular in the passato remoto:
| essere | bere | fare | dare |
| fui | bevvi | feci | diedi/detti |
| fosti | bevesti | facesti | desti |
| fu | bevve | fece | diede/dette |
| fummo | bevemmo | facemmo | demmo |
| foste | beveste | faceste | deste |
| furono | bevvero | fecero | diedero/dettero |