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6. Bibliography

A note on translations: The translation of the set text provided in ‘Further Resources’ is our own. It is solely meant as an aid to understanding the original and stays as close to the Latin as possible. As such, it has limited literary value, though we hope that you’ll find the occasional formulation felicitous. For translations cited elsewhere in the volume we have for the most part relied on those available in the Loeb Classical Library (frequently with minor adjustments).

Adler, E. (2008a), ‘Late Victorian and Edwardian Views of Rome and the Nature of “Defensive Imperialism”’, International Journal of the Classical Tradition 15.2, 187-216.

— (2008b), ‘Post-9/11 Views of Rome and the Nature of “Defensive Imperialism”’, International Journal of the Classical Tradition 15.4, 587-610.

Albrecht, von M. (2003), Cicero’s Style: A Synopsis Followed by Selected Analytic Studies, Leiden and Boston.

Allen, W. (1938), ‘In Defense of Catiline’, Classical Journal 34.2, 70-85.

Badian, E. (1969), ‘Quaestiones Variae’, Historia 18.4, 447-91.

— (1962), ‘Waiting for Sulla’, Journal of Roman Studies 52, 47-61.

— (1996), ‘Alexander the Great between two Thrones and Heaven’, in A. M. Small (ed.), Subject and Ruler: The Cult of the Ruling Power in Classical Antiquity, Ann Arbor, 11-26.

— (2009), ‘From the Iulii to Caesar’, in M. Griffin (ed.), A Companion to Julius Caesar, Oxford, 11-22.

Balsdon, J. P. V. D. (1951), ‘Sulla Felix’, Journal of Roman Studies 41, 1-10.

— (1960) ‘Auctoritas, dignitas, otium’, Classical Quarterly 10, 43-50.

Beard, M. (2007), The Roman Triumph, Cambridge, Mass.

Beard, M., North, J., and Price, S. (1998), Religions of Rome, 2 vols, Cambridge.

Begemann, E. (2012), Schicksal als Argument. Ciceros Rede vom fatum in der späten Republik, Stuttgart.

Bendlin, A. (2004), ‘Deification’, in Brill’s New Pauly, Leiden.

Berry, D. H. (2003), ‘Equester ordo tuus est: Did Cicero Win his Cases Because of his Support for the equites?’, Classical Quarterly 53.1, 222-34.

Brennan, T. C. (2000), The Praetorship in the Roman Republic, vol. I, Oxford.

Brown, R. (2003), ‘The Terms Bellum Sociale and Bellum Ciuile in the Late Republic’, in C. Deroux (ed.), Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History, Brussels, 94-120.

Brunt, P. A. (1965), ‘Reflections on British and Roman Imperialism’, Comparative Studies in Society and History 7.3, 267-88.

Bulst, C. M. (1964), ‘“Cinnanum Tempus”: A Reassessment of the “Dominatio Cinnae”’, Historia 13.3, 307-37.

Champeaux, J. (1982-87), Fortuna: recherches sur le culte de la Fortune à Rome et dans le monde romain des origines à la mort de César, 2 vols, Rome.

Chaniotis, A. (2003), ‘The Divinity of Hellenistic Rulers’, in A. Erskine (ed.), A Companion to the Hellenistic World, Oxford, 431-45.

Clark, A. (2007), Divine Qualities, Oxford.

Classen, J. (1963), ‘Gottmenschentum in der römischen Republik’, Gymnasium 70, 312-38.

Cole, S. (2014), Cicero and the Rise of Deification at Rome, Cambridge.

de Souza, P. (1999), Piracy in the Graeco-Roman World, Cambridge.

— (2008), ‘Rome’s Contribution to the Development of Piracy’, Memoirs of the American Academy in Rome. Supplementary Volumes, Vol. 6, The Maritime World of Ancient Rome, 71-96.

Ehrenberg, V. (1953), ‘Imperium Maius in the Roman Republic’, American Journal of Philology 74.2, 113-36.

Enenkel, K. A. E. (2005), ‘The Propagation of fortitudo: Gladiatorial Combats from ca. 85 BC to the Times of Trajan and their Reflection in Roman Literature’, in K. A. E. Enenkel and I. L. Pfeijffer (eds.), The Manipulative Mode: Political Propaganda in Antiquity – A Collection of Case Studies, Leiden and Boston, 275-93.

Erkell, H. (1952), Augustus, Felicitas, Fortuna, Gothenburg.

Evans, R. J. and Kleijwegt, M. (1992), ‘Did the Romans like Young Men? A Study of the Lex Villia Annalis: Causes and Effects’, Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik 92, 181-95.

Fears, J. R. (1981), ‘The Theology of Victory at Rome’, Aufstieg und Niedergang der Römischen Welt 2.17.2, 737-826.

Feeney, D. C. (1998), Literature and Religion at Rome: Cultures, Contexts, and Beliefs, Cambridge.

Fishwick, D. (1987), The Imperial Cult in the Latin West, vol. I, Leiden.

Flower, H. I. (1996), Ancestor Masks and Aristocratic Power in Roman Culture, Oxford.

— (2006), The Art of Forgetting: Disgrace and Oblivion in Roman Political Culture, Chapel Hill.

— (2010), Roman Republics, Princeton.

Gabrielsen, V. (2001), ‘Economic Activity, Maritime Trade and Piracy in the Hellenistic Aegean’, Revue des Études Anciennes 103, 219-40.

Gabba, E. (1989), ‘Rome and Italy in the Second Century B.C.’, in A. E. Astin, F. W. Walbank, M. W. Frederiksen and R. M. Ogilvie (eds.), The Cambridge Ancient History Vol. VIII (2nd ed.), Cambridge, 197-243.

Galinsky, K. (1996), Augustan Culture: An Interpretive Introduction, Princeton.

Gavoille, L. (2007), Oratio ou la parole persuasive: étude sémantique et pragmatique, Paris.

Gildenhard, I. (2011), Creative Eloquence: The Construction of Reality in Cicero’s Speeches, Oxford.

Goldsworthy, A. (1998), ‘“Instinctive genius”: The Depiction of Caesar the General’, in K. Welch and A. Powell (eds.), Julius Caesar as Artful Reporter: The War Commentaries as Political Instruments, Swansea, 193-219.

Gotter, U. (2008), ‘Cultural Differences and Cross-Cultural Contact: Greek and Roman Concepts of Power’, Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 104, 179-230.

Gradel, I. (2002), Emperor Worship and Roman Religion, Oxford.

Greenhalgh, P. (1980), Pompey. The Roman Alexander, London.

Gruber, J. (1988), ‘Cicero und das hellenistische Herrscherideal: Überlegungen zur Rede De imperio Cn. Pompei’, Wiener Studien 101, 243-58.

Gruen, E. S. (1974), The Last Generation of the Roman Republic, Berkeley, Los Angeles and London.

Haake, M. (2003), ‘Warum und zu welchem Ende schreibt man peri basileias? Überlegungen zum historischen Kontext einer literarischen Gattung im Hellenismus’, in K. Piepenbrink (ed.), Philosophie und Lebenswelt in der Antike, Darmstadt, 83-138.

Habicht, C. (1970), Gottmenschentum und griechische Städte, Munich.

Haley, S. P. (1985), ‘The Five Wives of Pompey the Great’, Greece & Rome 32.1, 49-59.

Harris, W. V. (1979), War and Imperialism in Republican Rome, Oxford.

Harrison, T. (2008), ‘Ancient and Modern Imperialism’, Greece & Rome 55.1, 1-22.

Hantos, T. (1988), Res Publica Constituta, Stuttgart.

Hillard, T. W. (1996), ‘Death by Lightning, Pompeius Strabo and the People’, Rheinisches Museum für Philologie 139.2, 135-45.

Hodgson, L. (2014), ‘Appropriation and Adaptation: Republican Idiom in Res Gestae 1.1’, Classical Quarterly 64, 254-69.

Hopkins, K. (1983), Death and Renewal, Cambridge.

Hurlet, F. (2010), ‘Pouvoirs extraordinaires et tromperie: La tentation de la Monarchie à la fin de la République romaine (82-44 av. J.–C.)’, in A. J. Turner, J. H. Kim On Chong-Gossard and F. J. Vervaet (eds.), Private and Public Lies: The Discourse of Despotism and Deceit in the Graeco-Roman World, Leiden, 107-29.

Hutchinson, G. O. (2013), Greek to Latin: Frameworks and Contexts for Intertextuality, Oxford.

Jameson, S. (1970), ‘Pompey’s Imperium in 67: Some Constitutional Fictions’, Historia 19.5, 539-60.

Kaster, R. A. (2007), ‘Review of McDonnell (2006)’, Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2007.02.08.

Katz, B. R. (1977), ‘Caesar Strabo’s Struggle for the Consulship – And More’, Rheinisches Museum für Philologie, Neue Folge 120.1, 45-63.

Keaveney, A. (1979), ‘Sulla, Sulpicius and Caesar Strabo’, Latomus 38.2, 451-60.

— (1982), Sulla. The Last Republican, London.

Koortbojian, M. (2013), The Divinization of Caesar and Augustus: Precedents, Consequences, Implications, Princeton.

Last, H. (1947), ‘Imperium Maius: A Note’, Journal of Roman Studies 37, 157-64.

Lavan, M. (2013), Slaves to Rome: Paradigms of Empire in Roman Culture, Cambridge.

Leach, J. (1978), Pompey the Great, London.

Leschhorn, W. (1985), ‘Ausdrücke der übermenschlichen Ehrung bei Cicero’, in A. Alföldi (ed.), Caesar in 44 v. Chr., Bonn, 387-97.

Levene, D. (1998), ‘God and Man in the Classical Latin Panegyric’, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 43, 66-103.

— (2012), ‘Defining the Divine in Rome’, Transactions of the American Philological Association 142.1, 41-81.

Levick, B. (1982), ‘Sulla’s March on Rome in 88 B.C.’, Historia 31.4, 503-08.

Lewis, R. G. (1991), ‘Sulla’s Autobiography: Scope and Economy’, Athenaeum n.s. 69, 509-19.

— (1998), ‘P. Sulpicius’ Law to Recall Exiles, 88 B.C.’, Classical Quarterly, New Series 48.1, 195-99.

Lintott, A. (1971), ‘The Tribunate of P. Sulpicius Rufus’, Classical Quarterly, New Series 21.2, 442-53.

— (1999), The Constitution of the Roman Republic, Oxford.

Loader, W. R. (1940), ‘Pompey’s Command under the Lex Gabinia’, Classical Review 54.3, 134-36.

Lovano, M. (2002), The Age of Cinna: Crucible of Late Republican Rome, Stuttgart.

Luce, T. J. (1970), ‘Marius and the Mithridatic Command’, Historia 19.2, 161-94.

Ma, J. (1999/2002), Antiochos III and the Cities of Western Asia Minor, Oxford.

— (2003), ‘Kings’, in A. Erskine (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to the Hellenistic Age, Oxford, 177-95.

Macdonald, C. (1986), Cicero: De Imperio, Bristol.

MacKendrick, P. (1995), The Speeches of Cicero: Context, Law, Rhetoric, London.

Mayor, A. (2009), The Poison King: The Life and Legend of Mithridates, Rome’s Deadliest Enemy, Princeton.

McDonnell, M. (2006), Roman Manliness: Virtus and the Roman Republic, Cambridge.

Meier, C. (1966), Res Publica Amissa, Wiesbaden.

Mikalson, J. D. (1998), Religion in Hellenistic Athens, Berkeley, Los Angeles and London.

Mitchell, T. N. (1975), ‘The Volte-Face of P. Sulpicius Rufus in 88 BC’, Classical Philology 70.3, 197-204.

— (1979), Cicero. The Ascending Years, New York and London.

Momigliano, A. D. (1987), ‘How Roman Emperors Became Gods’, American Scholar, Spring, 181-93.

Morstein-Marx, R. (2004), Mass Oratory and Political Power in the Late Roman Republic, Cambridge.

— (2011), ‘Consular Appeals to the Army in 88 and 87: the Locus of Legitimacy in Late-Republican Rome’ in H. Beck, A. Duplá, M. Jehne and F. Pina Polo (eds.), Consuls and Res Publica: Holding High Office in the Roman Republic, Cambridge, 259-78.

Morwood, J. (1999), A Latin Grammar, Oxford.

Mouritsen, H. (1998), Italian Unification, London.

Nippel, W. (1995), Public Order in Ancient Rome, Cambridge.

— (2007), ‘The Roman Notion of auctoritas’, in P. Pasquino and P. Harris (eds.), The Concept of Authority. A Multidisciplinary Approach: From Epistemology to the Social Sciences, Rome, 13-34.

North, J. A. (1975), ‘Praesens Divus’, Journal of Roman Studies 65, 171-77.

— (1981), ‘The Development of Roman Imperialism’, Journal of Roman Studies 71, 1-9.

Patterson, J. R. (2000), Political Life in the City of Rome, London.

Phillips, E. J. (1970), ‘Cicero and the Prosecution of C. Manilius’, Latomus 29.3, 595-607.

— (1976), ‘Catiline’s Conspiracy’, Historia 25.4, 441-48.

Pina Polo, F. (1996), Contra arma verbis: Der Redner vor dem Volk in der späten römischen Republik, Stuttgart.

Pollini, J. (1990), ‘Man or God: Divine Assimilation and Imitation in the Late Republic and Early Principate’, in K. A. Raaflaub and M. Toher (eds.), Between Republic and Empire: Interpretations of Augustus and his Principate, Berkeley, 334-63.

Powell, J. G. F. (1990), ‘The Tribune Sulpicius’, Historia 39.4, 446-60.

— (2013), ‘Cicero’s Style’, in C. Steel (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Cicero, Cambridge, 41-72.

Price, S. R. F. (1984), Rituals and Power: The Roman Imperial Cult in Asia Minor, Cambridge.

Radice, K. and Steel, C. (2014), Cicero, De Imperio: An Extract: 27-45, London and New York.

Ramage, E. S. (1991), ‘Sulla’s Propaganda’, Klio 73, 93-121.

Ramsey, J. T. (1980), ‘The Prosecution of C. Manilius in 66 B.C. and Cicero’s pro Manilio’, Phoenix 34.4, 323-36.

Rowland, R. J. (1983), ‘Rome’s Earliest Imperialism’, Latomus 42.4, 749-62.

Salmon, E. T. (1935), ‘Catiline, Crassus, and Caesar’, The American Journal of Philology 56.4, 302-16.

— (1982), The Making of Roman Italy, London.

Santangelo, F. (2005), ‘The Religious Tradition of the Gracchi’, Archiv für Religionsgeschichte 7, 198-204.

— (2007), Sulla, the Elites and the Empire, Leiden.

Seager, R. (1973), ‘Iusta Catilinae’, Historia 22.2, 240-48.

— (2002), Pompey the Great: A Political Biography (2nd ed.), London.

Sherwin-White, A. N. (1956), ‘Violence in Roman Politics’, Journal of Roman Studies 46, 1-9.

Silk, M., Gildenhard, I., and Barrow, R. (2014), The Classical Tradition: Art, Literature, Thought, Oxford.

Smith, R. E. (1966), Cicero the Statesman, Cambridge.

Spann, P. O. (1987), Quintus Sertorius and the Legacy of Sulla, Fayetteville.

Spencer, D. (2002), The Roman Alexander: Reading a Cultural Myth, Exeter.

Steel, C. E. W. (2001), Cicero, Rhetoric and Empire, Oxford.

Stevenson, T. R. (1996), ‘Social and Psychological Interpretations of Graeco-Roman Religion: Some Thoughts on the Ideal Benefactor’, Antichthon 30, 1-18.

Stockton, D. (1971), Cicero. A Political Biography, Oxford.

— (1973), ‘The First Consulship of Pompey’, Historia 22.2, 205-18.

— (1979), The Gracchi, Oxford.

Vasaly, A. (2009), ‘Cicero, Domestic Politics, and the First Action of the Verrines’, Classical Antiquity 28.1, 101-37.

Walbank, F. W. (1963), ‘Polybius and Rome’s Eastern Policy’, Journal of Roman Studies 53, 1-13.

Wallace-Hadrill, A. (1990), ‘Roman Arches and Greek Honours: The Language of Power at Rome’, Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 36, 143-81.

— (2008), Rome’s Cultural Revolution, Cambridge.

Ward, A. M. (1970), ‘Politics in the Trials of Manilius and Cornelius’, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 101, 545-56.

Waters, K. H. (1970), ‘Cicero, Sallust and Catiline’, Historia 19.2, 195-215.

Weigel, R. D. (1992), Lepidus: The Tarnished Triumvir, London.

Weinstock, S. (1971), Divus Julius, Oxford.

Welch, K. (2005), ‘Lux and lumina in Cicero’s Rome: A Metaphor for the res publica and her Leaders’, in K. Welch and T. W. Hillard (eds.), Roman Crossings: Theory and Practice in the Roman Republic, Swansea, 313-37.

— (2008), ‘Nimium felix: Caesar’s Felicitas and Cicero’s Philippics’, in T. Stevenson and M. Wilson (eds.), Cicero’s Philippics: History, Rhetoric, and Ideology, Auckland, 181-213.

Wilkinson, L. P. (1963), Golden Latin Artistry, Cambridge.

Winkler, L. (1995), Salus: Vom Staatskult zur politischen Idee. Eine archäologische Untersuchung, Heidelberg.

Wiseman, T. P. (1971), New Men in the Roman Senate, 139 B.C. – 14 A.D., Oxford.

Yakobson, A. (2009), ‘Public Opinion, Foreign Policy and “Just War” in the Late Republic’, in C. Eilers (ed.), Diplomats and Diplomacy in the Roman World, Leiden, 45-72.

Yavetz, Z. (1963), ‘The Failure of Catiline’s Conspiracy’, Historia 12.4, 485-99.