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2.01: L'imperfetto

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    142695
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    The imperfect tense

    You have already learned the passato prossimo (ho studiato tutta la mattina; siamo andati in discoteca ieri sera, etc.). The imperfetto is another past tense in Italian. How do you know when to use passato prossimo or imperfetto? Here is the rule:

    Always use the passato prossimo except for the following situations:

    • to describe the way people, objects, places, the weather, situations and states of mind were in the past.
    Da piccola ero molto riservata.  [When I was a child I was very reserved.]

    Non avevamo molti soldi nel 2015.  [We did not have a lot of money in 2015.]

    Sabato scorso faceva così freddo!  [Last Saturday it was so cold!]

    • to describe what used to happen in the past on a regular basis. In this sense, the imperfetto is analogous to “used to” in English.
    Mio padre lavorava per la FIAT.  [My dad used to work for FIAT.]

    Da piccolo non mi piaceva fare i compiti.  [When I was a child I didn’t like to do my homework.]

    D’estate andavamo al mare. [In the summer we used to go to the sea.]

    • to describe what someone was doing or what was happening when something else happened. In this sense, the imperfetto is analogous to “was/were +  -ing” in English.
    Mentre camminavo, ho visto un cane abbandonato. [While I was walking, I saw an abandoned dog.]

    Luca studiava mentre noi guardavamo la TV [Luca was studying while we were watching TV.]

    Che cosa facevi nella mia cucina? [What were you doing in my kitchen?]

    Key expressions that usually require the use of the passato prossimo:

    quando (with the connotation of at the moment when)                                          Quando sono arrivato da Marco, abbiamo parlato del suo problema.

    all’improssivo [suddenly]                                                                                               All’improvviso non ho visto più niente.

    ad un certo punto [at a certain point]                                                                         Ad un certo punto lei ha pianto.

    per + any length of time                                                                                                 Abbiamo studiato per tre ore.

    Key expressions that usually require the use of the imperfetto:

    quando (with the connotation of every time)                                                            Quando finivo l’allenamento, avevo sempre una fame da lupo.

    mentre [while]                                                                                                                 Mentre Luigi faceva i compiti, sua sorella guardava un film / sua sorella ha guardato un film.

    da bambino(a), da piccolo(a), da giovane…                                                                  Da giovane la nonna preferiva il mare alla montagna.

    di solito, normalmente [usually]                                                                                  Di solito andavamo a dormire presto.

    To conjugate the verb according to the subject that performs the action, droptheare, –ere, orire and add the following endings:

    giocare scrivere preferire divertirsi
    [io] giocavo [io] scrivevo [io] preferivo [io] mi divertivo
    [tu] giocavi [tu] scrivevi [tu] preferivi [tu] ti divertivi
    [lui, lei] giocava [lui, lei] scriveva [lui, lei] preferiva [lui, lei] si divertiva
    [noi] giocavamo [noi] scrivevamo [noi] preferivamo [noi] ci divertivamo
    [voi] giocavate [voi] scrivevate [voi] preferivate [voi] vi divertivate
    [loro] giocavano [loro] scrivevano [loro] preferivano [loro] si divertivano

    Very few verbs are irregular in the imperfetto:

    essere fare dire bere
    [io] ero [io] facevo [io] dicevo [io] bevevo
    [tu] eri [tu] facevi [tu] dicevi [tu] bevevi
    [lui, lei, Lei] era [lui, lei, Lei] faceva [lui, lei, Lei] diceva [lui, lei, Lei] beveva
    [noi] eravamo [noi] facevamo [noi] dicevamo [noi] bevevamo
    [voi] eravate [voi] facevate [voi] dicevate [voi] bevevate
    [loro] erano [loro] facevano [loro] dicevano [loro] bevevano

    The imperfetto of the verb piacere

    • Mi piaceva ascoltare le storie di mio nonno.
    • Mi piaceva la pipa di mio nonno.
    • Mi piacevano le storie di mio nonno.

     


    This page titled 2.01: L'imperfetto is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Daniel Leisawitz & Daniela Viale via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.