Chapter 19: The Rise of Nation-States
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- 3984
- Section 4: France and Authoritarianism
- Richelieu’s successful policies leading to the consolidation of royal power, centralization of the state, and strengthening of the international position of France paved the way for the authoritarian rule of Louis XIV.
- Section 6: The Modernization of Russia
- The early years of Peter the Great were marked by power struggles among multiple heirs to the Russian tsardom as well as Peter’s European travels, which greatly inspired his modernizing reforms.