4.4.1: La famiglia italiana ieri e oggi
- Page ID
- 341211
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)CULTURA I: Dati e date sulla famiglia italiana
Before Reading: Activating Prior Knowledge
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Stereotypes and Images
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When you think of an Italian family, what comes to mind?
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Do you know any stereotypes or clichés about Italian families (e.g., number of children, living with parents, close family ties)?
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Where do you think these images come from (movies, media, personal experience)?
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Comparison with Own Culture
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How would you describe a “typical family” in your own culture?
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Do families in your community tend to live together for a long time, or do young adults usually move out early?
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How are marriage, divorce, or children usually perceived where you come from?
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La storia della famiglia (e della riproduzione) in Italia
– Nel 1970 il divorzio diventa legale. Starting in the 1950s, left-wing parties and feminist movements tried to include divorce in the Italian legislation. Pro-divorce campaigns gave a voice to many people (mostly women) who were forced to remain in abusive relationships because they could not legally separate, as well as to the people who had been effectively abandoned by their spouses and could not marry a new partner.
– Nel 1978 l’interruzione di gravidanza (l’aborto) diventa legale. Coalitions of feminist movements and left-wing parties also had a crucial role in decriminalizing abortion. The first law decriminalizing abortion was approved by the parliament in 1978 – three years later, in 1981, Italians voted to maintain that law.
– Nel 2013, il parlamento vota una legge contro il femminicidio e la violenza domestica. Femminicidio – a woman’s homicide by the hand of her partner, ex-partner, spouse, etc. is still worryingly common in Italy, as is domestic violence.
– Nel 2016, l’unione civile tra due persone dello stesso sesso diventa legale. Civil unions afford some rights to same-sex couples, but same-sex marriage is still not recognized in Italy.
Le famiglie italiane oggi
Italian families are changing rapidly, for economic as well as cultural reasons. Every year, the Italian Bureau of Statistics releases a report on trends in marriages, civil unions and divorces. According to the 2021 report (https://www.istat.it/it/files//2021/02/Report-matrimoni-unioni-civili-separazioni-divorzi_anno-2019.pdf ) Italians tend to wait longer to get married – the number of marriages before the age of 34 is declining, while marriages between 35 and 45 are on the rise. A growing number of Italians is choosing to cohabitate before (or instead of) getting married, or opt for a civil union – and for same-sex couples, civil unions are the only option available.
Many people continue to live with their parents well into adulthood – while this is sometimes criticized as a form of mammismo (excessive attachment to one’s family of origin), it is also regarded as an effective strategy to reduce the cost of living and to foster intergenerational collaboration in the face of financial hardship.
In the North of Italy, there are more divorces (i divorzi) and more couples that choose to get married in a non-religious ceremony (although religious marriages are still predominant across the country).
Birth rates (il tasso di natalità) have been steadily declining for several years in Italy – currently, there are about 1.3 children per woman. Families with 5, 6, even 10 children were common in Italy in the first half of the 20th-century, when children were an economic resource and contraception was frowned-upon. The Fascist government incentivized reproduction, celebrating large families and providing financial incentives for parents with many children. Today, however, families with more than two children are rare – and only children (i figli unici) are increasingly common.
(Tratto da Voci, Corso Elementare di lingua e cultura Italiane Volume 1)
After Reading: Reflection and Intercultural Exchange
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Changing Perspectives
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Did anything in the reading surprise you about Italian families?
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Has the reading changed your perception of Italian family life? If yes, how?
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Family Structures and Traditions
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The reading describes changes in marriage, divorce, and reproduction in Italy. How do these changes compare with what is happening in your country?
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How is the role of religion in marriage and family life similar or different?
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What are the attitudes in your culture toward same-sex unions or divorce?
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Living with Parents and Intergenerational Ties
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In Italy, it is common for young adults to live with their parents well into adulthood. How is this practice seen in your culture?
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Do you see it more as a form of dependency or as family solidarity?
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Birth Rates and Family Size
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The text mentions that Italian families used to have many children, while today most have only one or two. How does this compare with your culture?
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What social or economic factors influence the number of children families decide to have?
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Lettura e comprensione
Read the following texts — taken and adapted from the magazine L’Espresso — use garzantilinguistica.it for terms you don’t know, then decide whether the statements that follow are true or false.
- From L’Espresso (February 2015)
L’Italia di oggi è molto diversa non solo da quella di cinquanta, ma anche di venti o dieci anni fa. I dati dell’Istat mostrano un paese sempre meno legato all’idea tradizionale di famiglia e allergico ai legami “per sempre”.
Aumentano le convivenze. Nel nord Italia convivono dieci coppie su cento; nelle regioni centrali sette coppie su cento. Al Sud resiste il concetto di famiglia tradizionale, sposata e in chiesa: qui infatti convivono solo tre coppie su cento.
Aumentano i matrimoni civili. Qui le differenze tra Nord e Sud sono piuttosto grandi, ed emerge un paese diviso in due, con le regioni del Nord altamente secolarizzate, dove i matrimoni religiosi sono in minoranza, e le regioni del Sud, dove il matrimonio religioso è ancora prevalente.
I divorzi diminuiscono leggermente, e aumentano le separazioni, soprattutto al Sud. La media italiana è di un divorzio ogni quattro coppie sposate.
- From L’Espresso (March 2013)
– L’Italia ha un tasso di natalità molto basso: la media è di 1,42 figli per donna. (Negli Stati Uniti è di 1,86 per donna).
– I nuclei familiari sono sempre più piccoli. Negli ultimi vent’anni il numero di componenti per famiglia è sceso da 2,7 a 2,4.
– Ci sono molti figli unici: il 46,5% delle coppie ha solo un bambino.
– Circa l’84 % dei bambini vive in famiglia con entrambi i genitori.
– Negli anni ’50 un bambino poteva contare su circa 30 parenti. Oggi raramente un bambino ha 10 parenti.
– Circa il 43% dei giovani tra i 25 e i 34 anni vive con i genitori.
– Solo il 16% dei giovani quando esce dalla famiglia va ad abitare a più di 50 chilometri di distanza. Il 62% resta nello stesso comune.
– Aumentano i single e le famiglie con un solo genitore.
– Ecco alcuni dati da una ricerca del Censis: per l’88,6% degli italiani è molto importate la famiglia che hanno costruito; per l’85,3% la famiglia in cui sono nati. Seguono nella classifica delle cose “molto importanti” la libertà (77,5%), l’amicizia (60,4% ) e la realizzazione professionale (50,2%).
Consider the maps below: darker red indicates a higher number of divorces; darker green indicated a higher number of civil marriagies.
Tratto da Spunti: Italiano Elementare 1
Esercizio: Vero o Falso
Leggi le frasi e indica se sono vere (V) o false (F) secondo il testo.
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In Italia ci sono sempre più famiglie tradizionali, con marito e moglie sposati in chiesa. (___)
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In Italia ci sono sempre più persone che convivono senza sposarsi. (___)
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Al Sud ci sono più divorzi rispetto al Nord. (___)
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Al Nord ci sono sempre meno matrimoni religiosi. (___)
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Al Sud ci sono ancora molti matrimoni religiosi. (___)
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In Italia aumentano le separazioni e diminuiscono un po’ i divorzi. (___)
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In Italia nascono molti bambini. (___)
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Molte coppie italiane hanno un solo figlio. (___)
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La maggior parte dei giovani tra i 24 e i 35 anni vive ancora con i genitori. (___)
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Molti giovani italiani vanno a vivere lontano dalla famiglia per lavoro. (___)
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In Italia ci sono sempre meno persone single. (___)
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Per gli italiani la famiglia è più importante della libertà. (___)
Tratto da Spunti: Italiano Elementare 1
Attributions
- Name of the page from name of book by author is licensed .....
- Tratto da Voci, Corso Elementare di lingua e cultura from Italiane Volume 1 is licensed ....
- Tratto da Spunti: Italiano Elementare 1