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8.4: Set 3, with notes

  • Page ID
    89673
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    別 忘 非常 家 本
    2+5 4+3 1+7 3+8 3+7 4+1
    bié wàng fēi cháng jiā běn
    don’t; other forget not often home; family (root; stem)
    說 得 電 話 碼 裏
    7+7 3+8 8+5 7+6 5+10 6+7
    说 电 话 码 里
    2+7 1+4 2+6 5+3 7+0
    shuō de; děi diàn huà mǎ lǐ
    speak; talk DE; must electric words; lg (number) inside; in
    Notes
    a) 别 has the ‘knife radical’ on the right (cf. 到 dào ‘arrive’). The core meaning is ‘separate’, with the knife suggesting a line of separation; hence ‘other’ and ‘don’t’.
    b) 忘 organizes the same components as 忙, ie the heart radical and the phonetic 亡 wáng, but arranges them vertically rather than horizontally. If 亡 on the right side of the graph is ‘a container busily hoovering up things that need doing’, then placed above the heart, and empty, it represents ‘those things you forgot to do’.
    c) 非, an older negative; the graph may represent two sides in opposition. 常 contains the cloth radical 巾(said to be a drawing of a kerchief and also found in 帽子 màozi ‘hat’) and the phonetic element 尚 shàng, seen in 裳shāng,廠 chǎng,當 dāng.
    d) 家 contains 豕 shǐ, an archaic word for ‘pig’ (derived from a drawing) placed beneath the ‘roof radical’.
    e) 木, now ‘wood’ but originally ‘tree’; 本 marks the stem or trunk, hence the M-word for ‘books’ (一本書), and by extension, ‘root; origin’ (本來).
    f) 說 is sometimes printed as 說, with the upper right-hand strokes written as 八. 說 shuō, the verb, obviously needs to be distinguished from 話 huà, the noun. The latter contains 舌 shé ‘tongue’ (protruding from the mouth 口), so ‘words; language’. In many cases, you can be guided by the order of the words, verb+noun: 說 話. But note that the reverse order can also appear in certain syntactic constructions, eg: 中國話說得很好 。
    g) 得 pronounced dé, is a verb meaning ‘obtain’; untoned, it is the particle (+de) that connects verbs with a SV phrases; pronounced děi, it is a modal verb meaning ‘have to; must’.
    h) The form of the graph 裏 lǐ, with phonetic 里 lǐ inserted into the radical 衣 yī ‘clothing’ (cf. 褒 and 哀), recalls another sense of the word, ‘lining of clothes’, that is clearly related to the meaning ‘inside’. The graph is also written 裡, with the same components organized horizontally – the clothing radical on the left of the phonetic. The simplified graph isolates the phonetic element, with the result that the two words, lǐ ‘inside’ and ‘mile’ get written with the same graph, 里.

    3.3.1 Phrases
    别人 忘了 别忘了 非常 日本
    biérén wàng le bié wàng le fēicháng Rìběn
    家里 都忘了 别客气 说得很好 哪里
    jiā lǐ dōu wàng le bié kèqi shuō+de hěn hǎo nǎlǐ
    本来 以前 现在 二三得六 电话
    běnlái yǐqián xiànzài èr sān dé liù diànhuà
    号码 非常好 三本书 没有电话 我的家
    hàomǎ fēicháng hǎo sān běn shū méiyou diànhuà wǒ de jiā
    别说了 马家 说得不好 不想去 不太有名
    bié shuō le Mǎ jiā shuō+de bù hǎo bù xiǎng qù bú tài yǒumíng

    3.3.2 Set 2 in fántǐzì
    上海 外國 海邊 四川 不遠 很近
    Shànghǎi wàiguó hǎi biān Sìchuān bù yuǎn hěn jìn
    北京 英國 四川省 南邊 離這兒 東北
    Běijīng Yīngguó Sìchuān shěng nán biān lí zhèr dōngběi
    不錯 還好 從昨天 到今天 北部 中部
    bú cuò hái hǎo cóng zuótiān dào jīntiān běi bù zhōng bù
    從什麽地方 廣州 東北邊 離西安很近
    cóng shénme dìfang Guǎngzhōu dōngběi biān lí Xī’ān hěn jìn

    Exercise 3. Questions on the following pairs of comment and response:
    王: 你的伞,别忘了。 李: 不是我的,我没有伞。
    白: 我的手机呢? 周: 在我这儿。别忘了。
    毛: 你家离这儿很远吗? 林: 不太远,两里。
    张: 你中文说得很好。 高: 哪里,说得不好。
    马: 你的电话号码 呢? 方: 家里:5-6021; 手机:13501 102130
    安: 你是中国人吧?! 林: 不是,我是日本人,日本东京人。
    高: 广州天气怎么样? 周: 七月八月非常热,一月二月不错,
    不冷也不热。
    张: 你的书包,别忘了。 毛: 不是我的,我的在家里。
    李: 这儿有没有电话? 王: 这儿没有;学生中心有一个,
    你可以从这边去,不太远。
    张: 你的字典,别忘了。 马: 哦,太好了,上课没有字典不行。

    Questions
    1. 小李有没有伞?
    2. 伞现在在哪里?
    3. 小白的手机在哪儿?
    4. 林家离这儿远不远?
    5. 姓高的中文说得怎么样?
    6. 姓方的有手机吗? 号码呢?
    7. 姓林的是中国人吗? 东京在日本什么地方?
    8. 广州天气怎么样?
    9. 姓毛的,书包在哪里?
    10. 学生中心离那儿远不远?
    11. 学生中心有没有电话?
    12. 上课,没有字典行吗? 那,上班呢?


    This page titled 8.4: Set 3, with notes is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Julian K. Wheatley (MIT OpenCourseWare) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.