6.4: Set 3, with notes
- Page ID
- 89647
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| 高 | 緊 | 張 | 個 | 現 | 在 |
| 10+0 | 6+9 | 3+8 | 2+8 | 4+7 | 3+3 |
| 紧 | 张 | 个 | 现 | ||
| 6+4 | 3+4 | 2+1 | 4+4 | ||
|
gāo tall |
jǐn tight |
zhāng spread |
gè individual |
xiàn manifest |
zài now |
| 起 | 來 | 看 | 報 | 以 | 前 |
| 7+3 | 2+6 | 5+4 | 4+8 | 2+3 | 2+7 |
| 来 | 报 | ||||
| 1+6 | 3+4 | 2+2 | |||
|
qǐ rise |
lái come |
kàn look |
bào report |
yǐ [take] |
qián before; front |
| 但 | 可 | 那 | 哪 | 走 | |
|
2+5 dàn but |
3+2 kěable |
3+4 / 2+4 nà; nèi that |
3+7 / 3+6 nǎ; něi which |
7+0 zǒu walk; leave; go |
Notes:
a) 高 gāo, used as a surname, but also a SV ‘tall’; think of the graph as representing ‘a tall structure (with a flat roof and a chimney)’.
b) 緊張/紧张. Recall the radicals: 糹 the silk radical (twisted); and 弓, representing a bow (under tension). Both suggest ‘tension or anxiety’.
c) 个, the simplified version of 個, is an old handwriting form elevated to formal status in the new simplified set.
d) 現 (like 班 and many other graphs) contains the element 王 as radical. Though the element is virtually identical with the surname 王 Wáng (‘king’), it actually derives from the combining form of a different character: 玉 yù ‘jade’ (found intact in the simplified 国 guó ‘country’). So traditionally, the radical is called yùzìpáng ‘jade character at the side’; but on the Mainland at least, it is also called wángzìpáng ‘king on the side’.
e) 起 contains 走 as radical and 己 jǐ, as phonetic; cf. graphs such as 超 and 越 which are formed along the same lines. 來, originally a drawing of a kind of cereal grain, cf. 麥 mài ‘wheat’, which is now differentiated from 來 by the lower radical element. The meaning of ‘come’ may represent a metaphorical extension (grain > sprouting > coming out); or the graph may have been borrowed to represent a near homophone.
f) 看 contains 手 ‘hand’ and 目 ‘eye’ (both of whose earlier forms suggest drawings); hence ‘hand over the eyes, looking’. 報/报 bao ‘report; newspaper’, with the right-hand component looking like ‘a comfortable armchair where you might read the paper’. (Note the vertical symmetry of the left-hand side of the traditional graph, 幸.)
g) 以 yǐ has 人 as its radical. In the modern language, the syllable is a common ‘bound form’, occurring in words such as 可以 kěyǐ ‘can’ and 所以 suǒyǐ ‘so’; but in the classical language, it appears as a verb with the meaning of ‘take’. So 以前 ‘formerly’ is literally ‘take as before’. In the simplified set, 以 is written with 4 strokes (2+2) rather than 5.
h) 那 nà ‘that’, with yòu’ěrduō ‘right-ear’ (or yòu’ěrpáng) assigned as radical (cf. 都). 哪 nǎ, the question word, has kǒuzìpáng as its radical.
Compounds
| 不高 | 姓高 | 很紧张 | 但是 | 不紧张 | 可是 |
| bù gāo | xìng Gāo | hěn jǐnzhāng | dànshi | bù jǐnzhāng | kěshì |
| 以前 | 现在 | 在哪儿? | 三个 | 看报 | 起来 |
| yǐqián | xiànzài | zài nǎr? | sān gè | kànbào | qǐlái |
| 她们走了。 | 已经走了 | 紧不紧张? | 在这儿 | 陈老师 | 九个 |
| Tāmen zŏu le. | yĭjing zŏu le | Jǐn bù jĭnzhāng? | zài zhèr | Chén lăoshī | jiŭ gè |
Set 2 in fántǐzì
| 老師 | 學生 |
怎麽樣 |
學中文 | 都很難 | 那樣 |
| lǎoshī | xuéshēng | zěnmeyàng | xué Zhōngwén | dōu hěn nán | nèi yàng |
| 有一點兒累 | 也很累 | 張老師 | 這樣 | 不對 | |
|
yǒu yìdiǎnr lèi |
yě hěn lèi |
Zhāng lǎoshī | zhèi yàng | bú duì | |
| 不太難 | 男的 | 哪年 | 日文 | 生日 | 老王 |
| bú tài nán | nánde | něi nián | Rìwén | shēngrì | lǎo Wáng |
Exercise 3
Answer the questions at the end, taking your cue from the information given in the ‘chart’ below. Note that the chart takes the form of lists: ‘3 students: 1 male, 2 female’. The questions (like your responses) have the form of sentences: ‘The students are all female, right?’
| 第一: | 三个学生,一个男的,两个女的; 他们都已经起来了, 可是还没看今天的报。 |
| 第二: | 一个学生,一个老师,都是男的; 他们以前很累,但是现在好了。 |
| 第三: | 两个老师,一个中文老师,一个日文老师; 他门已经下班了。 |
| 第四: | 一个中文学生,没有老师; 中文很难,他很累。 |
| 第五: | 四个学生,都很紧张; 都是陈老师的学生。 |
| 第六: | 五个学生,两个老师; 学生很紧张,老师很忙。 |
| 第七: | 一个男的,一个女的; 男的起来了还没吃饭呢;女的已经走了。 |
| 第八: | 两个学生,一个对,一个不对; 一个是 MIT 的,一个不是。 |
| 第九: | 两个学生,一个姓张,一个姓高。 姓张的很紧张,可是姓高的还好。 |
| 第十: | 十个学生,都是张老师的学生。 张老师的学生很忙也很累。 |
Questions
| 1. 第六个,学生,老师都很紧张吗? |
| 2. 第二个,他们还是很累吗? |
| 3. 第三个,那两个老师是中文老师吗?他们下班了没有? |
| 4. 第八个,谁对,谁不对? |
| 5. 第四个,学中文,没有老师,难不难? |
| 6. 第十个,谁的学生都很忙很累? |
| 7. 第五个,那 四个学生怎么样? |
| 8. 第一个,学生都是女的,对吗? 今天的报看了,但是昨天 的 还没看,对不对? |
| 9. 第七个,他们两个已经走了,对吗?已经上课了。 |
| 10. 第九个,姓陈的是学生但是姓张的不是,是老师,对吗? |

