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6.4: Set 3, with notes

  • Page ID
    89647
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    10+0 6+9 3+8 2+8 4+7 3+3
       
      6+4 3+4 2+1 4+4  

    gāo

    tall

    jǐn

    tight

    zhāng

    spread

    individual

    xiàn

    manifest

    zài

    now

    7+3 2+6 5+4 4+8 2+3 2+7
           
      1+6   3+4 2+2  

    rise

    lái

    come

    kàn

    look

    bào

    report

    [take]

    qián

    before; front

     

    2+5

    dàn

    but

    3+2

    kěable

    3+4 / 2+4

    nà; nèi

    that

    3+7 / 3+6

    nǎ; něi

    which

    7+0

    zǒu

    walk; leave; go

     

    Notes:

    a) 高 gāo, used as a surname, but also a SV ‘tall’; think of the graph as representing ‘a tall structure (with a flat roof and a chimney)’.

    b) 緊張/紧张. Recall the radicals: 糹 the silk radical (twisted); and 弓, representing a bow (under tension). Both suggest ‘tension or anxiety’.

    c) 个, the simplified version of 個, is an old handwriting form elevated to formal status in the new simplified set.

    d) 現 (like 班 and many other graphs) contains the element 王 as radical. Though the element is virtually identical with the surname 王 Wáng (‘king’), it actually derives from the combining form of a different character: 玉 ‘jade’ (found intact in the simplified 国 guó ‘country’). So traditionally, the radical is called yùzìpáng ‘jade character at the side’; but on the Mainland at least, it is also called wángzìpáng ‘king on the side’.

    e) 起 contains 走 as radical and 己 , as phonetic; cf. graphs such as 超 and 越 which are formed along the same lines. 來, originally a drawing of a kind of cereal grain, cf. 麥 mài ‘wheat’, which is now differentiated from 來 by the lower radical element. The meaning of ‘come’ may represent a metaphorical extension (grain > sprouting > coming out); or the graph may have been borrowed to represent a near homophone.

    f) 看 contains 手 ‘hand’ and 目 ‘eye’ (both of whose earlier forms suggest drawings); hence ‘hand over the eyes, looking’. 報/报 bao ‘report; newspaper’, with the right-hand component looking like ‘a comfortable armchair where you might read the paper’. (Note the vertical symmetry of the left-hand side of the traditional graph, 幸.)

    g) 以 has 人 as its radical. In the modern language, the syllable is a common ‘bound form’, occurring in words such as 可以 kěyǐ ‘can’ and 所以 suǒyǐ ‘so’; but in the classical language, it appears as a verb with the meaning of ‘take’. So 以前 ‘formerly’ is literally ‘take as before’. In the simplified set, 以 is written with 4 strokes (2+2) rather than 5.

    h) 那 ‘that’, with yòu’ěrduō ‘right-ear’ (or yòu’ěrpáng) assigned as radical (cf. 都). 哪 , the question word, has kǒuzìpáng as its radical.

    Compounds

    不高 姓高 很紧张 但是 不紧张 可是
    bù gāo xìng Gāo hěn jǐnzhāng dànshi bù jǐnzhāng kěshì
    以前 现在 在哪儿? 三个 看报 起来
    yǐqián xiànzài zài nǎr? sān gè kànbào qǐlái
    她们走了。 已经走了 紧不紧张? 在这儿 陈老师 九个
    Tāmen zŏu le. yĭjing zŏu le Jǐn bù jĭnzhāng? zài zhèr Chén lăoshī jiŭ gè

    Set 2 in fántǐzì

    老師 學生

    怎麽樣

    學中文 都很難 那樣
    lǎoshī xuéshēng zěnmeyàng xué Zhōngwén dōu hěn nán nèi yàng
    有一點兒累   也很累 張老師 這樣 不對

    yǒu yìdiǎnr lèi

     

    yě hěn lèi

    Zhāng lǎoshī zhèi yàng bú duì
    不太難 男的 哪年 日文 生日 老王
    bú tài nán nánde něi nián Rìwén shēngrì lǎo Wáng

    Exercise 3

    Answer the questions at the end, taking your cue from the information given in the ‘chart’ below. Note that the chart takes the form of lists: ‘3 students: 1 male, 2 female’. The questions (like your responses) have the form of sentences: ‘The students are all female, right?’

     第一: 三个学生,一个男的,两个女的; 他们都已经起来了, 可是还没看今天的报。
    第二: 一个学生,一个老师,都是男的; 他们以前很累,但是现在好了。
    第三: 两个老师,一个中文老师,一个日文老师; 他门已经下班了。
    第四: 一个中文学生,没有老师; 中文很难,他很累。
    第五: 四个学生,都很紧张; 都是陈老师的学生。
    第六: 五个学生,两个老师; 学生很紧张,老师很忙。
    第七: 一个男的,一个女的; 男的起来了还没吃饭呢;女的已经走了。
    第八: 两个学生,一个对,一个不对; 一个是 MIT 的,一个不是。
    第九: 两个学生,一个姓张,一个姓高。 姓张的很紧张,可是姓高的还好。
    第十: 十个学生,都是张老师的学生。 张老师的学生很忙也很累。

     

    Questions

    1. 第六个,学生,老师都很紧张吗?
    2. 第二个,他们还是很累吗?
    3. 第三个,那两个老师是中文老师吗?他们下班了没有?
    4. 第八个,谁对,谁不对?
    5. 第四个,学中文,没有老师,难不难?
    6. 第十个,谁的学生都很忙很累?
    7. 第五个,那 四个学生怎么样?
    8. 第一个,学生都是女的,对吗? 今天的报看了,但是昨天 的 还没看,对不对?
    9. 第七个,他们两个已经走了,对吗?已经上课了。
    10. 第九个,姓陈的是学生但是姓张的不是,是老师,对吗?

     


    This page titled 6.4: Set 3, with notes is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Julian K. Wheatley (MIT OpenCourseWare) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.