6.1: Review
- Page ID
- 102525
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)| 他一我百，他十我千。 |
| Tā yī wǒ bǎi, tā shí wǒ qiān. |
| Others 1 me 100, others 10 me 1000. |
| Characterizing one’s determination to outdo others to succeed. |
Fántǐzì `traditional characters’
| 甲 | 乙 |
|---|---|
| 今天很熱！ | 很熱！你吃飯了嗎? |
| 還沒，我不餓，今天太忙了。 | 我也很忙。你累嗎？ |
| 今天好了，但是昨天很累。 | 小李已經上班了嗎？ |
| 已經上班了。 | 哦，上班了。 |
| 明天有課嗎？ | 沒有，你呢？ |
| 明天三十號嗎？… 沒有；三十號 沒有，一號有。 | 我呢，三十號有課，一號也有課！ |
| 你太忙了！ | 我們都很忙！ |
a) Compound characters
As noted in Unit 1, the majority of characters can be resolved into two immediate constituents which, allowing for minor modifications, can stand alone as characters in their own right. The configuration of constituents can be horizontal (很), vertical (李), or superimposed (国/國 guó ‘country’). The most recurrent of these constituents are the radicals. They serve as tags for classifying characters into groups for purposes of retrieval (in dictionaries or filing systems, for example). Thus, compound characters with the radical 口 kǒu ‘mouth; entrance’ can be grouped together: 吃， 吗，喝，呢; or those with 言/讠 yán ‘speech’: 說/说，話/话，請/请，誰/谁。 The radicals have names, based on either their position in the character, or their meaning: thus 口 kǒu ‘mouth; entrance’ on the left is called kǒuzìpáng (‘mouth-character-beside’) in Chinese, or ‘the mouth radical’ in English; 雨 (yǔ ‘rain’) when it appears on the top of a graph (零) is called yǔzìtóu ‘rain-character-on top’ in Chinese, or the ‘rain radical’ in English. Here, for review, are some of the Unit 1 compound characters organized by radical:
Note: Where the combining form of the radical cannot be printed on it own, the equivalent free form, if one still exists, is given in parentheses; if no free form is current, the parentheses enclose a blank.
| radical character | general meaning | Chinese name | examples |
| 木 | wood; tree | mùzìpáng | 林 |
| mùzìtóu | 李 | ||
| 口 | mouth; opening | kǒuzìpáng | 嗎/吗，呢，吃 |
| 日 | sun | rìzìpáng | 昨，明 |
| 言/讠 | speech | yánzìpáng | 課/课 |
| 女 | woman | nǚzìpáng | 她，姓 |
| (人) | man; person | rénzìpáng | 他，你，們/们 |
| (水) | water | sāndiǎnshuǐ (3 dots water) | 沒/没 |
| ( ) | tóngzìkuàng (‘tong’-character-frame) | 周，(同) | |
| (辵) | movement | zǒuzhīpáng | 還/还 |
| 食/饣 | food | shízìpáng | 餓/饿，飯/饭 |
| (心) | heart | shùxīnpáng (vertical-heart-beside) | 忙 |
| 糹 | silk | jiǎosīpáng (twisted-silk-beside) | 經/经 |
| (火) | fire | sìdiǎnshuǐ (four-dots-water) | 熱/热 |
| 彳 | shuānglìrén (double-stand-person) | 很，得 (dé) |