Glossary
- Page ID
- 328446
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Word(s) |
Definition |
Image | Caption | Link | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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APA
|
Stands for American Psychological Association. A method of documenting sources used primarily in the sciences and social sciences. | ||||
| Abstract | A short summary of a research article or paper that gives you an overview of the article's main ideas. | https://sfcollege.libguides.com/research101/vocabulary | |||
| Academic Arguments | Formal arguments presented in a college setting | ||||
| Academic Integrity | Using honest and transparent methods of writing and/or research | ||||
| Academic Journal | Journals are regularly published collections of scholarly articles | https://sfcollege.libguides.com/research101/vocabulary | |||
| Academic Literacy | Includes ways you learn and improve reading and writing skills | Graphic from Madison College Library Guide | |||
| Academic Writing | Writing that is formal, usually uses third person, and prefers active tense. You also write in present tense because as long as something is being read, it is current. | ||||
| Accuracy | Information that can be trusted as factual and trustworthy. | ||||
| Active Reading | Being actively engaged in a text through annotation and note-taking. | ||||
| Annotate | Underlining, marking, adding definitions or notes, and writing in the margins while reading. | ||||
| Annotated Bibliography | A list of sources that are relevant to a research topic and includes a citation and an annotation, which is a short summary of each source and how it relates to the overall research. | https://sfcollege.libguides.com/research101/vocabulary | |||
|
Aristotelian Argument Classical Argument |
The method of argumentation devised by Aristotle, which contains an claim, evidence, and a counterargument. | ||||
|
Argument Academic Argument |
An assertion on a certain topic that contains a claim and evidence to support it. | ||||
| Assessment | The conclusion reached when conducting an evaluation | ||||
| Authority | An expert or scholarly who is able to accurately write about a topic | ||||
| Bias | Any entity or website with a particular religious or political point of view | ||||
| Bibliographies | An organized list of sources used in a document | ||||
| Boolean Operators | A Boolean operator is a special word used to connect keywords together in a search | https://sfcollege.libguides.com/research101/vocabulary | |||
|
Brainstorming Invention |
The act of generating ideas for a piece of writing. There are various ways to inspire ideas, including mind mapping, listing, free writing, or talking. | ||||
| Carl Rogers | An American Psychologist who wrote Rhetoric: Discovery and Change where he outlined a method of argumentation that emphasizes understanding and acknowledgement both sides to find common ground. | ||||
|
Causality Causation |
The act that makes something happen | ||||
| Causal Arguments | Makes a claim about the causes or effects of a problem or event. | ||||
| Causal Chain | Shows the links from one cause to an effect, which causes another effect and so on | ||||
| Citations | Are indications of where and from whom information used in a research paper is originally found | ||||
| Claim | A writer's assertion in an academic argument | ||||
|
Classical Argument Aristotelian Argument |
The method of argumentation devised by Aristotle, which contains an claim, evidence, and a counterargument. | ||||
| Correlation | The direct relation between two variables or events. | ||||
| CRAAP test | A method to determine the credibility of online sources | ||||
| Criteria | The chosen characteristics used to measure the quality or effectiveness of a text | ||||
| Critical Reading | Includes asking questions, interacting with the text, and asking questions | ||||
| Critical Response | Interprets the text and supports it from the reading. | ||||
| Currency | Is how up-to-date something is | ||||
| Databases | A collection of subscription content that contains credible source information for students to use | https://sfcollege.libguides.com/research101/vocabulary | |||
| Deep Fakes | Digitally enhanced media | ||||
| Definition Argument | A methodical and detailed explanation of what a thing is. There are 3 parts, the word to be defined, how it is classified or categorized, and characteristics that describe the word. | ||||
| Digital Literacy | Knowledge on technology, computers, searching online, using different apps and communication media. | Graphic from Madison College Library Guide | |||
| Disinformation | The intentional dissemination of false information. | ||||
| DOI | "Digital Object Identifier." This is a unique code given to scholarly articles to help people find and access that source easily. | https://sfcollege.libguides.com/research101/vocabulary | |||
| Documentation | Is an accepted method (MLA or APA) of explaining where and from whom you got information imbedded into your research paper. | ||||
| Dropped Quotation | A quotation that is not introduced into a text with a signal phrase. | ||||
|
Edit Editing |
A final evaluation of an essay where you look for missed errors or revision needs. A final check before for submission or publication. | ||||
| Edited American English | A version of American English that is used in textbooks and academia. | ||||
| Elements of Rhetoric | The things that make up the rhetorical situation- writer, reader, message, occasion, and context. | ||||
| Encyclopedias | Contains general information on a broad number of topics. | ||||
| Essays | A short piece of writing that conveys your message | ||||
| Ethos | a writer who presents themselves as authoritative, trustworthy, and credible. | ||||
|
Evaluating Evaluate |
The process of judging the clarity, effectiveness, or quality of a piece of writing. | ||||
| Evaluation Arguments | An essay written to judge the quality, credibility, or effectiveness of a text. | ||||
| Evidence | Tthe reasons why a writer makes their claim. | ||||
| Example Definition | A definition that uses examples to explain the word. These are often used for concepts or complicated words. | ||||
| Extended Definition | A definition that is longer and more detailed. | ||||
| Fair Use Laws | The ability to use someone's intellectual property if it meets certain requirements outlined by the United States government. | ||||
| Fake News | Completely wrong “news” created to mislead people. | ||||
| Feasibility | How well or easily something can be done. | ||||
| Field Research | Research that you conduct yourself. | ||||
| Homonyms | Two words that sound or look the same, but have different meanings. | ||||
| Humanities | Are disciplines that study human cultures, languages, beliefs, or history. | ||||
| Infodemic | When information spreads so fast and far that it is difficult to know the truth. | ||||
| Infographic | A visual representation of information such as a chart, graph, or illustration. | ||||
| Informal language | Language we use everyday. | ||||
| Information Literacy | The ability to understand, find, evaluate, and use information. | ||||
| Intellectual Property | Artistic work or an invention that someone creates, owns, and controls the rights to. | ||||
| Keyword | A keyword is a word or phrase that is a main concept of a research topic. | ||||
| Lateral Reading | A method used to determine whether a source is credible by doing quick Internet searches on the article or author. | ||||
| Libguide | Acollection resources for your class or assignment curated by a librarian. | ||||
| Literacy | The ability to read and write or competence in a specialized language. | ||||
| Literacy Landscape | A representation of the different types of information literacy that you encounter in school. | Graphic from Madison College Library Guide | |||
| Logos | Persuades by convincing readers that the message is sound and the evidence is reliable. | ||||
| MLA | Stands for Modern Language Association. A method of documenting sources primarily used in the Humanities. | ||||
| Media/multimedia | Items that are not text-based. These are usually audio or visual, such as images, DVDs, CDs, or vinyl records. | https://sfcollege.libguides.com/research101/vocabulary | |||
| Media Literacy | How we communicate without writing or speaking. | ||||
|
Message Argument Communication |
In a rhetorical situation, the message is communication about a topic. An argument that contains a claim and evidence to support it. | ||||
|
Messy Draft Messy First Draft |
A terrible first draft that starts the drafting process. The idea is popularized by Anne LaMott in her book Bird by Bird. |
https://wrd.as.uky.edu/sites/default/files/1-Shitty%20First%20Drafts.pdf |
|||
| Metalanguage | Language about language; different areas of study have their own language. | ||||
| Misinformation | The general term for false information whether intentional or not. | ||||
| Negative Definition | A definition uses contrast to explain what the thing is not to explain what the thing is. | ||||
| New Literacy | The new ways you use information to learn. | Graphic from Madison College Library Guide | |||
| News Literacy | To distinguish social media ads from legitimate news stories. | ||||
| Occasion | In a rhetorical situation, this is the reason or event which begins the communicating process. | ||||
|
Organizing Organization |
Q method of determining the general layout and details of an essay. | ||||
| Paraphrase | Restates a short piece of information into a similar sized section in original wording from a writer. | ||||
| Passive Reading | To read for comprehension or entertainment without questioning. | ||||
| Pathos | Pathos persuades by creating ties between the reader and writer. | ||||
|
Peer Review Peer Review Workshop |
A means for students to read and respond to peers' essays. This is often used to provide feedback on rough drafts. | ||||
| Peer Reviewed | An article that has been rigorously reviewed by experts in a subject to ensure accuracy and quality. | https://sfcollege.libguides.com/research101/vocabulary | |||
| Permalink | Permalink stands for "permanent link." Many databases have a permalink so students may access the article multiple times. | https://sfcollege.libguides.com/research101/vocabulary | |||
| Plagiarism | Plagiarism is using someone else's words, ideas, or work without giving them credit. | https://sfcollege.libguides.com/research101/vocabulary | |||
| Policy Proposal | A proposal argument that attempts to solve a problem of an official policy. | ||||
|
post hoc ergo propter hoc |
“Correlation does not imply causation” fallacy. Just because two incidents happen close to the same time, it doesn't prove that they are related. | ||||
| Post Read | A process that occurs after active reading that includes review notes and summarizing the text. | ||||
| Pre-read | A short process of preparing to read actively. | ||||
| Pre-writing | The first step of the writing process, which includes examining the rhetorical situation, invention, and thinking about the main message of your writing. | ||||
| Precipitating Cause | The trigger that starts the entire causal chain. | ||||
| Preliminary Research | The starting research done to get broad information or context. | ||||
| Primary Source | Original materials or firsthand accounts that come directly from the time period or event being studied. | https://sfcollege.libguides.com/research101/vocabulary | |||
| Procedural Proposal | A proposal argument that attempts to solve the problem of an official procedure. | ||||
|
Proofread Proofreading |
Reading through a draft to check for needed revisions or catch errors. | ||||
| Propaganda | People use rhetoric to manipulate or harm others. | ||||
|
Proposal Arguments
|
An attempt to solve a problem by presenting the solution and the evidence why the solution will work. | ||||
| Purpose | In a rhetorical situation, it is the reason and method for creating a communication. | ||||
| Questionable (or false) Cause | An incorrect conclusion that one thing causes another thing. | ||||
| Quotation | A sentence or two written written word for word from a source. | ||||
| Read | Active and critical reading, which includes annotating, asking question, and taking notes. | ||||
|
Reader Audience |
In a rhetorical situation, it is the person who receives the communication. | ||||
| Relevance | In writing, it is information that directly relates to the topic being discussed. | ||||
| Reverse Outline | A process of checking a rough draft for the necessary elements of an essay. After drafting, the writer fills in an outline with corresponding parts of their paper. | ||||
|
Revise Revising Revision |
The method of reading and making changes to a draft to improve it. This may require moving information around, deleting parts of the text, or completely re-writing sections. | ||||
| Rhetoric | The ability to use language or images to communicate a message. | ||||
| Rhetorical Analysis | An essay that looks closely at the persuasive language and techniques used by an author. | ||||
| Rhetorical Appeals | The ways writers appeal to their audience, ethos, pathos, and logos. | ||||
| Rhetorical Situation | Every time someone engages in writing. | ||||
| Scholarly Article | Articles written or produced by experts in a particular field or discipline. | https://sfcollege.libguides.com/research101/vocabulary | |||
| Secondary Source | Information that is based on other sources, rather than firsthand experience or original research. | https://sfcollege.libguides.com/research101/vocabulary | |||
| Seven Pillars of Information Literacy |
The steps an information literate person completes in the research process. |
Western Technical College Library Guide | |||
| Signal Phrase | Introduces the author and/or title of a quotation or paraphrase. | ||||
| Skeleton Outline | A bare bones structure of a essay. Usually the thesis and main points are determined and structured. | ||||
| Subject Headings | Specific words or phrases used to describe the main topic(s) of an article or book. | https://sfcollege.libguides.com/research101/vocabulary | |||
| Summary | A broad overview of evidence written in few words. | ||||
| Synthesis | A higher order critical thinking skill that creates new information from what already exists. | ||||
| Text | Image or words that display an argument. | ||||
| Treatise | A written formal and systematic study of a topic. | ||||
| Web sites/web pages | A website is a collection of related webpages that are linked together and share a common name Each webpage, is an individual document or page within a website. | https://sfcollege.libguides.com/research101/vocabulary | |||
| Working Bibliography | A collection of sources on a particular topic to potentially be used for a research project. | ||||
|
The Writer Speaker Communicator |
For this textbook, it is part of a rhetorical situation where someone creates a piece of writing. This is in place of the term "speaker" used by Aristotle in his book Rhetoric. Nowadays, some people prefer communicator as it covers both. | ||||
| The Writing Process | A series of tasks that you use to complete a writing project. |