1.5: Towards Justice Language

Further thoughts on academic writing.

Even though we use formal language in academic writing, you may have noticed that using "correct" English is not in our discussion. This would be English with specific rules of grammar and usage, the kind of language taught in English textbooks. The technical name for this version is "Edited American English."  Some people think that this is the only right way to speak or write English. To think that, however, is very narrow view of American English. The United States has a rich tapestry of English with many accents and dialects. These variations of English may differ from a textbook, but they are legitimate forms of English.

American English has evolved throughout United States' history. People arriving from different countries have created mixtures of their native language with English. For example, Louisiana French is a term for different dialects of English and French, mostly spoken in New Orleans and Southern Louisiana. The variations include influences from African, Native American, or Spanish languages. Tens of thousands of people speak these dialects today. Another example is Spanglish, which is a mixture of English and Spanish, spoken primarily in Hispanic communities. It is recognized as a legitimate form of English. 

Other dialects are influenced by culture. For example, Black Americans may speak African American Vernacular English (AAVE).  It is not “urban slang” or bad grammar. AAVE has its own grammar and usage rules. You often hear it in big cities, but its cultural influence and vocabulary have spread throughout the US. Sometimes words or phrases are appropriated by other English speakers. While this is not ideal, it does demonstrate the influence AAVE has had on American culture.

When Americans who speak a dialect are expected to use Edited American English, they must "code-switch." This means they need to speak a different language to fit in. This is a form of injustice as it requires someone to change who they are to be accepted. "Language Justice" is a way to appreciate and welcome everyone's language. It is an evolving concept that values diversity, accepts all forms of English, and aims to dismantle language-based oppression. For people in writing classes, Language Justice means all types of English are welcome to our academic conversations.

As scholars, we use language that fits our audience and purpose. In college, that means we all adjust the formality of our writing, depending on our assignment. Most written papers require formal language because clarity and consistency is needed when people from different places and disciplines read our work. While we want to meet these expectations, good writing doesn't have to look the same for everyone. Allowing people to use their authentic voices and vocabulary might bring fresh ideas or insight to our academic conversations. Including Justice Language could be beneficial and educational for everyone.

Exercise \(\PageIndex{1}\)

Write a short journal response to the questions below. You do not have to answer all of the questions; use them as a springboard for your own ideas. A journal response is usually personal and informal, so you don't need to worry about writing conventions.

What do you think of Language Justice in academia? How would you feel if you came across a different dialects written into an academic article? Do you think you could understand a term from Louisiana French or a Spanish word? How would that work? Do you think there is room for a variety of English dialects in formal writing? Or does it need to be restricted for clarity and consistency?