5.4: Connectors-Addition
- Page ID
- 273285
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\dsum}{\displaystyle\sum\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\dint}{\displaystyle\int\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\dlim}{\displaystyle\lim\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)
\( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)
\( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\(\newcommand{\longvect}{\overrightarrow}\)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Expressions for Adding Additional Ideas
Joining words and Phrases vs. Clauses
| AND — CONJUNCTION / COORDINATOR |
|---|
|
And, and also, and as well as and both join two sentence elements, such as two nouns, two verbs, two adjectives, two phrases or two clauses (two same word forms). When and connects two sentence elements, no comma is used. When three or more elements are joined, a comma is used. |
|
Anne is an actress. She acts and sings. (verbs) |
|
Anne loves dance and also music. (nouns) |
|
She will compete in ballroom and also modern dance. (adjectives) |
|
Anne has to dance gracefully and precisely in order to win. (adverbs) |
|
She must use correct dance technique as well as follow the rules. (verb phrases) |
| BOTH…AND / NOT ONLY BUT ALSO-CORRELATIVE CONJUNCTIONS |
|---|
| Both is paired with and to add emphasis to two coordinated elements in a sentence. Not only and also are paired with but to add emphasis to two coordinated elements in a sentence. These paired expressions are called correlative conjunctions. |
|
Anne is a woman who not only knows her strengths but also knows who will give her best effort. (clauses) |
|
The judges want her both to extend and to point her toes. (phrases) |
|
She could not only sing but also dance. (verbs) |
|
Our college won not only the baseball game but also the soccer match. (noun phrases) |
| IN ADDITION — TRANSITIONS |
| In addition and additionally (adverb) are transitions that add information in one sentence to the information in the next sentence. The word (s) are separated by a comma. Also¹ ( can be placed before a clause or before other elements in the clause. |
|
Anne and Alex will learn samba and cha cha. Additionally, they will try the merengue. |
| Anne has to dance gracefully. In addition, she must dance precisely. |
| She must use correct dance technique. She must also follow the rules |
| Anne and Alex are very graceful dancers. Also¹, they have years of experience dancing together. |
| In addition to and besides are followed by nouns or noun phrases. |
|
Besides pastries, the shop also sells cookies. Besides having several dance competitions, Alex and Anne have family obligations. |
|
For now, Alex and Anne are taking it easy in addition to postponing future touring plans. In addition to her two cats, Sue also has a dog. |
¹When also appears at the beginning of a sentence, it is considered to be formal by some. Also, she dances jazz. Preferred usage: She also dances jazz. She dances jazz also.
²And — What grammarians have to say about using "and" at the beginning of a sentence
Related pages: And so / too / also, FANBOYS Parallel Phrasing, Connective Adverbs, Comma–series, Overview of Connectives.
| ADDING A CONCLUSIVE FACT |
|---|
|
Furthermore, moreover and besides add a final fact in order to make a point and/or to support an argument "and finally this fact". This is called a conclusive fact because it is placed at the end to convince the reader that your assertion, argument, or opinion is true. |
|
In my opinion, Anne would be excellent in that movie. She has done several dramatic roles and has lots of experience. Furthermore, she looks like the character in the book. (formal) |
|
I think Alex is the best choice. He has acted on Broadway and on television. Moreover, he has played supporting roles in three movies. (formal) |
|
Alex and Anne won't be able to dance in the international competition in Rio de Janeiro. They are too busy. Besides, they can't get a visa in time. ("apart from the other reasons") |
audition (N) — to try out for a part, give a short performance to see if the person is good for the part
conclusive fact (Adj) — showing that something is definitely true
role (N) — acting part in a play, opera, or ballet
theater (N) – a live production performed on a stage; movie theater (N) – cinema, a recorded showing in a theater (no stage)
See Connective Adverbs, In fact / Indeed /Besides -ing / Besides/ Pop-Q "Besides"
Adding more details vs. a stand-alone detail
| ANOTHER DETAIL | |
|---|---|
|
An introductory phrase with besides, in addition to, and along with expresses that we are mentioning, but setting aside, an important detail, in order to mention more details "not including this, there is also this". |
|
| PREP PHRASE | MAIN CLAUSE |
|
Besides being funny, "apart from this" |
he is also young and smart. (information) |
|
Along with enjoying what they do, |
they spend a lot of time together. (information) |
|
In addition to work, |
they plan time to relax. (information) |
|
Along with a promotion, |
They received several job offers.(information) |
| A STAND-ALONE OR WINNING DETAIL | |
|---|---|
|
Besides or in addition are used as transitions to add a fact that can stand on its own as reason enough for winning an argument (an outstanding fact); in addition links more information (also called a "linking or connective adverb"). |
|
| MAIN CLAUSE | TRANSITION |
|
Hire him because he is young and smart. |
Besides, he is funny! (a winning fact or point in the argument) |
|
They are a well-matched pair. Both have excellent dance technique. |
Besides, they are good friends. (conclusive fact or argument) |
|
They plan, practice, and perfect their work. |
In addition, they take time to relax. (information) |
|
They received several job offers. |
In addition, they received a promotion. (information) |
Also see Connective Adverbs (What's more, Not to mention, Additionally), Noun Phrases –reducing clauses