5.4: Connectors-Addition
- Page ID
- 273285
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Expressions for Adding Additional Ideas
Joining words and Phrases vs. Clauses
| AND — CONJUNCTION / COORDINATOR |
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And, and also, and as well as join two sentence elements, such as two nouns, two verbs, two adjectives, two phrases or two clauses (two same word forms). When and connects two sentence elements, no comma is used. When three or more elements are joined, a comma is used. |
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Anne is an actress. She acts and sings. (verbs) |
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Anne loves dance and also music. (nouns) |
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She will compete in ballroom and also modern dance. (adjectives) |
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Anne has to dance gracefully and precisely in order to win. (adverbs) |
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She must use correct dance technique as well as follow the rules. (verb phrases) |
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The judges want her both to extend and to point her toes. (phrases) |
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Anne is a woman who not only³ knows her strengths but also knows who will give her best effort. (clauses) |
| IN ADDITION — CONNECTIVE PREPOSITION / ADVERB |
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In addition (prepositional phrase) and additionally (adverb) are connective words that add information in one clause to the information in the next clause. The word(s) are separated by a comma. Also¹ (a focusing adverb) can be placed before a clause or before other elements in the clause. |
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Anne and Alex act and sing. In addition, they dance. (prepositional phrase) |
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Anne and Alex are very graceful dancers. Also¹, they have years of experience dancing together. |
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Anne and Alex will learn samba and cha cha. Additionally, they will try the merengue. |
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Anne has to dance gracefully. In addition, she must dance precisely. |
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She must use correct dance technique. Also, she must follow the rules |
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The judges want her to extend her arms. Additionally, they expect her to point her toes. |
¹Also is a focusing adverb that can function as a connective adverb at the beginning of a sentence. Its initial use is considered to be formal by some. Also, she dances jazz. She also dances jazz. She dances jazz also.
²And — What grammarians have to say about using "and" at the beginning of a sentence
"Conjunction" See And, But not, Or—conjunction, exclusion, disjunction.
extend (V) — stretch, draw out to full length
graceful (Adj) — having elegance or beauty of form
versatile (Adj) — easily able to change or adapt (styles)
³Not only…but (paired coordinators) See Both and.
Related pages: And so / too / also, FANBOYS Parallel Phrasing, Connective Adverbs, Comma–series, Overview of Connectives.
Also vs. Furthermore
Adding a Fact vs. a Conclusive Fact
| ADDING A FACT |
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And, and also, as well as, in addition, additionally and also link a clause with additional information. For details, see and (coordinator), also (adverb) in addition (prep. phrase), additionally (connective adverb). |
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Anne would like to play a dramatic role. Also, she thinks it would be fun to try comedy. (informal) |
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Alex has acted on Broadway (theater) and television. In addition, he has acted in three movies. (very formal) |
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Besides having several dance competitions, Alex and Anne have family obligations. |
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Alex and Anne have to focus on their practices as well as² their auditions. (on top of, along with) |
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For now, Alex and Anne are taking it easy in addition to postponing future touring plans. |
| ADDING A CONCLUSIVE FACT |
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Furthermore, moreover and besides link a clause with a final fact in order to make a point and/or to support an argument "and finally this fact". This is called a conclusive fact because it is placed at the end to convince the reader that your assertion, argument, or opinion is true. |
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In my opinion, Anne would be excellent in that movie. She has done several dramatic roles and has lots of experience. Furthermore, she looks like the character in the book. (formal) |
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I think Alex is the best choice. He has acted on Broadway and on television. Moreover, he has played supporting roles in three movies. (formal) |
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Alex and Anne won't be able to dance in the international competition in Rio de Janeiro. They are too busy. Besides¹, they can't get a visa in time. ("apart from the other reasons") |
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Alex and Anne have to focus on their practices and auditions. They can't take time off to travel. Another thing is³, they have family obligations. (informal) |
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For now, Alex and Anne are taking it easy. What's more, they are postponing future touring plans. (informal) |
¹Besides, — What is more, (informal)
²as well as — on top of (informal), along with (informal),
³Another thing is — (informal, but commonly used); See The reason is + Cls
audition (N) — to try out for a part, give a short performance to see if the person is good for the part
conclusive fact (Adj) — showing that something is definitely true
role (N) — acting part in a play, opera, or ballet
theater (N) – a live production performed on a stage;
movie theater (N) – cinema, a recorded showing in a theater (no stage)
Besides -ing / Besides,
Adding more details vs. a stand-alone detail
| ANOTHER DETAIL | |
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An introductory prepositional phrase with besides, in addition to, along with expresses that we are mentioning, but setting aside, an important detail, in order to mention more details "not including this, there is also this". |
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| PREP PHRASE | MAIN CLAUSE |
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Besides being funny, "apart from this" |
he is also young and smart. (information) |
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Along with enjoying what they do, |
they spend a lot of time together. (information) |
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In addition to work, |
they plan time to relax. (information) |
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Along with a promotion, |
They received several job offers.(information) |
| A STAND-ALONE OR WINNING DETAIL | |
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Besides or in addition links a fact that can stand on its own as reason enough for winning an argument (an outstanding fact); in addition links more information (also called a "linking or connective adverb"). |
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| MAIN CLAUSE | LINKING ADVERB |
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Hire him because he is young and smart. |
Besides, he is funny! (a winning fact or point in the argument) |
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They are a well-matched pair. Both have excellent dance technique. |
Besides, they are good friends. (conclusive fact or argument) |
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They plan, practice, and perfect their work. |
In addition, they take time to relax. (information) |
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They received several job offers. |
In addition, they received a promotion. (information) |
hire (V) — offer a job
in stead of, outside of, in addition to, along with are examples of "double prepositions"
Also see Connective Adverbs (What's more, Not to mention, Additionally), Noun Phrases –reducing clauses
Pop-Q "Besides"