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11.3: Mid Vowels (Mid-Open and Mid-Closed Vowels)

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    288317
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    Objectif

    In this section, you will learn about the pronunciation of mid vowels.

    Let's get started!

    Mid-vowels ([e], [ɛ], [ə], [ø], [œ], [o], [ɔ])

    Mid-vowels — aka "mid-closed" & "mid-open vowels" — are articulated with the tongue in the middle of the mouth (in terms of height). The passage of air through your mouth is more open than with a high vowel. There are two mid positions: mid-closed (higher tongue) and mid-open (lower tongue). Three pairs of French mid-vowels exist:

    Oral Mid-vowels
    French Oral Mid-vowels
    Front Back
    unrounded rounded rounded
    mid-closed [e], [ə] [ø] [o]
    mid-open [ɛ] [œ] [ɔ]

    Two kinds of O

    As you can see in the chart, there are two kinds of O:

    [ɔ] is mid-open, back, rounded and oral:

     

    mort, folle, bonne, possible

    [o] is mid-closed, back, rounded and oral:

     

    eau, auto, faux, bientôt

    Three kinds of E

    There are three kinds of E:

    [ə] is mid-closed, front, (usually) unrounded and oral:

     

    je, que, fenêtre, devoir

    [ɛ] is mid-closed, front, unrounded and oral:

     

    bête, gèle, violette, fenêtre

    [e] is mid-open, front, unrounded and oral:

     

    dé, poupée, éléphant, nez, aller, pied

    Learn more about the Letter e in Unit 7.

    Nasal Mid-vowels

    Nasal mid-vowels include the mid-closed [ɔ̃], and [œ̃], and the mid-open [ɛ̃]. Here are some examples:

    [ɔ̃] is mid-open, back, rounded and nasal:

     

    on, bonbon, tomber

    [œ̃] is mid-open, back, unrounded and nasal:

     

    un, lundi, parfum

    [ɛ̃] is mid-closed, back, unrounded and nasal:

     

    fin, malin, main, impossible, sympa

    Nasal Vowels
    French Oral Mid-vowels
      Front Back
    unrounded rounded
    Open-mid [ɛ̃] [œ̃] [ɔ̃]
    Open [ɑ̃]

    Here is a summary of high, mid and low vowels:

    High, Mid and Low Vowels

    Vowel type

    Low Vowels
    (Open vowels)

    Mid-vowels
    (Mid-open)

    Mid-vowels
    (Mid-closed)

    High Vowels
    (Closed vowels)

    Oral vowels

    [ɑ]

    [a]

    [ɔ]

    [ə]

    [œ]

    [ɛ]

    [o]

    [ø]

    [e]

    [u]

    [y]

    [i]

    Nasal vowels

    [ɑ̃]

    [ɔ̃]

    [œ̃]

    [ɛ̃]

     

    Semi-vowels

     

    [w]

    [ɥ]

    [j]

    Whether or not a vowel is pronounced more or less openly also depends on context.

    Let's practice!

    Activity


    This page titled 11.3: Mid Vowels (Mid-Open and Mid-Closed Vowels) is shared under a CC BY license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by William J. Carrasco & Shahrzad Zahedi.

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