11.2: High Vowels (Closed Vowels)
- Page ID
- 288316
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)In this section, you will learn about the pronunciation of high vowels (closed vowels).
Listen to the audio clips that follow on this page to hear the French pronunciation of vocabulary and examples presented.
In the audio players, you can slow down the audio by clicking on the turtle and speed up by clicking on the rabbit. The turtle and rabbit are located at the bottom right corner of each audio player.
Let's get started!
High Vowels ([i], [u], [y])
High vowels — or "closed vowels" — are sounds produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth and the passage of air through your mouth is more closed. French has three high vowels: [i], [u], and [y]
[i] is high (closed), front, unrounded and oral
dix, stylo, minitel, horrible
[u] is high (closed), back and oral
douce, nous, fou, bonjour, cours
[y] is high (closed), front, rounded and oral
sucre, tu bûcher, mur
High semi-vowels ([w], [ɥ], [j])
[w] is very high, back, rounded and non-syllabic. It must precede a vowel and is never found at the end of a word:
ouest [wɛst], oiseau [wazo], oui [wi] jouer [ʒwe]
[ɥ] is very high, front, rounded and non-syllabic. It must precede a vowel and is never found at the end of a word:
suis [sɥi], nuit [nɥi], nuage [nɥaʒ], fruit [frnɥi].
[j] is very high, front, unrounded and non-syllabic. It must appear beside a vowel and cannot form the centre of a syllable:
taille [taj] , yeux [jø] , dieu [djø] .
Here is a summary of high, mid and low vowels:
Vowel type |
Low Vowels |
Mid-vowels |
Mid-vowels |
High Vowels |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Oral vowels |
[ɑ] |
[a] |
[ɔ] |
[ə] |
[œ] |
[ɛ] |
[o] |
[ø] |
[e] |
[u] |
[y] |
[i] |
Nasal vowels |
[ɑ̃] |
[ɔ̃] |
[œ̃] |
[ɛ̃] |
||||||||
Semi-vowels |
[w] |
[ɥ] |
[j] |
Whether or not a vowel is pronounced more or less openly also depends on context.
Let's practice !
Activity A
Ou vs. u. Listen and repeat.
- tu / nous / rue / loup / mur / muse / poule / bus / tour / rhume / sûre
- début / voyou / toutou / voiture / virgule / autour / futur / sucre
- culture / Toulouse / troubadour
Activity B
U vs. i. Listen and repeat.
- lu / lit / vie / bus / skis / qui / sur / fiche / ville
- prune / lire / ligne / luxe / pipe / rhume / type
- habits / salut! / facile / satire / lunettes / finir / citrons / pyrex / inerte