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11.2: High Vowels (Closed Vowels)

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    288316
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    Objectif

    In this section, you will learn about the pronunciation of high vowels (closed vowels).

    Media Alternative

    Listen to the audio clips that follow on this page to hear the French pronunciation of vocabulary and examples presented.

    In the audio players, you can slow down the audio by clicking on the turtle and speed up by clicking on the rabbit. The turtle and rabbit are located at the bottom right corner of each audio player. 

    Let's get started!

    High Vowels ([i], [u], [y])

    High vowels — or "closed vowels" — are sounds produced with the tongue close to the roof of the mouth and the passage of air through your mouth is more closed. French has three high vowels: [i], [u], and [y]

    [i] is high (closed), front, unrounded and oral

     

    dix, stylo, minitel, horrible

    [u] is high (closed), back and oral

     

    douce, nous, fou, bonjour, cours

    [y] is high (closed), front, rounded and oral

     

    sucre, tu bûcher, mur

    High semi-vowels ([w], [ɥ], [j])

    [w] is very high, back, rounded and non-syllabic. It must precede a vowel and is never found at the end of a word:

     

    ouest [wɛst], oiseau [wazo], oui [wi] jouer [ʒwe]

    [ɥ] is very high, front, rounded and non-syllabic. It must precede a vowel and is never found at the end of a word:

     

    suis [sɥi], nuit [nɥi], nuage [nɥaʒ], fruit [frnɥi].

    [j] is very high, front, unrounded and non-syllabic. It must appear beside a vowel and cannot form the centre of a syllable:

     

    taille [taj] , yeux [jø] , dieu [djø] .


    Here is a summary of high, mid and low vowels:

    High, Mid and Low Vowels

    Vowel type

    Low Vowels
    (Open vowels)

    Mid-vowels
    (Mid-open)

    Mid-vowels
    (Mid-closed)

    High Vowels
    (Closed vowels)

    Oral vowels

    [ɑ]

    [a]

    [ɔ]

    [ə]

    [œ]

    [ɛ]

    [o]

    [ø]

    [e]

    [u]

    [y]

    [i]

    Nasal vowels

    [ɑ̃]

     

    [ɔ̃]

     

    [œ̃]

    [ɛ̃]

               

    Semi-vowels

                     

    [w]

    [ɥ]

    [j]

    Whether or not a vowel is pronounced more or less openly also depends on context.

    Let's practice !

    Activity A

    Ou vs. u. Listen and repeat.

     

    1. tu / nous / rue / loup / mur / muse / poule / bus / tour / rhume / sûre
    2. début / voyou / toutou / voiture / virgule / autour / futur / sucre
    3. culture / Toulouse / troubadour

    Activity B

    U vs. i. Listen and repeat.

     

    1. lu / lit / vie / bus / skis / qui / sur / fiche / ville
    2. prune / lire / ligne / luxe / pipe / rhume / type
    3. habits / salut! / facile / satire / lunettes / finir / citrons / pyrex / inerte

    This page titled 11.2: High Vowels (Closed Vowels) is shared under a CC BY license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by William J. Carrasco & Shahrzad Zahedi.

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