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2.35: Lição 18

  • Page ID
    82499
    • Severino J. Albuquerque, Mary H. Schil, & Claude E. Leroy
    • UW-Madison
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    Lesson Objectives- Objetivos da Lição

    Lição 18 presents:

    • the usage differences between the common prepositions por and para,
    • idiomatic expressions with the verb fazer and
    • food vocabulary.

    After completing this lesson, the student will be able to:

    • recognize the differences between, and produce forms of the prepositions por and para.
    • utilize common idiomatic expressions with the verb fazer.

    Grammar – Gramática

    Por vs. Para

    The multiple meanings of the prepositions por and para and the many expressions in which they appear warrant a more detailed presentation than has been given to other prepositions. The most common uses of these prepositions are given below. Some of the more important expressions with por and para are included in the vocabulary section of this lesson.

    PARA
    [to, in order to, for the purpose of]
    Estudamos para aprender. [We study to learn.]
    Ele trabalha para ganhar dinheiro. [He works in order to earn money.]
    [to (destination)]
    Ele foi para o Brasil. [He went to Brazil.]
    Vamos para a biblioteca. [Let’s go to the library.]
    [for, destined for, for the benefit of]
    Este presente é para minha mãe. [This present is for my mother.]
    Nós fizemos isso para eles. [We did this for them.]
    [for (deadline)]
    Este trabalho é para amanhã. [This paper is for/due tomorrow.]
    Quero tudo pronto para sábado. [I want everything ready for/by Saturday.]
    [about to (to express idea of imminence)]
    O concerto estava para começar. [The concert was about to begin.]
    [to express viewpoint or implicit comparison]
    Para eles, tudo era difícil demais. [For them, everything was too difficult.]
    Para um jogador de basquete, ele não é muito alto. [For a basketball player, he isn’t very tall.]
    POR
    [for, in exchange for]
    Troquei a camisa por outra menor. [I exchanged the shirt for a smaller one.]
    Paguei oitenta dólares pelos sapatos. [I paid $80.00 for the shoes.]
    Muito obrigada pelo presente. [Thanks a lot for the present.]
    [for (in expressions indicating duration of time)]
    Digo-lhe isto pela úlltima vez. [I’m telling you this for the last time.]
    Por duas horas ficamos à espera deles. [For two hours we waited for them.]
    [for, on account of, because of]
    Não o fiz por falta de tempo. [I didn’t do it for lack of time.]
    Por isso, eu não fui. [For that reason, I didn’t go.]
    Por causa dela, nós não fomos. [Because of her, we didn’t go.]
    [for (in place of)]
    [Eu pagarei por você porque você está sem dinheiro.] [I’ll pay for you because you have no money.]
    [at about, around (with expressions of time)]
    Chegamos lá pelas sete horas. [We arrived at about seven o’clock.]
    [around, by, through, along (with expressions of direction, location, or manner)]
    Não vejo ninguém por aqui. [I don’t see anyone around here.]
    Caminhava pela praia sozinho. [He walked along the beach alone.]
    O ladrão entrou pela janela. [The thief entered through the window.]
    Vou mandar o pacote por via aérea. [I’ll send the package via airmail.]
    [per, every, a, by (in expressions of distribution)]
    Tome seis pílulas por dia. [Take six pills a/per day.]
    Conta as moedas uma por uma. [He counts the coins one by one.]
    [by (in passive voice constructions)]
    A carta foi escrita pelo Roberto. [The letter was written by Robert.]
    [because (of), for]
    Por nevar tanto, a calçada estava escorregadia. [Because it snowed so much, the sidewalk was slippery.]
    Por beber tanto vinho, eu tenho ressaca. [For having drank so much wine, I have a hangover.]

    Expressions with por and para – Expressões com por e para

    • Para já [now; right away]
    • Para sempre [always; forever]
    • Estar para [to be about to]
    • Fica para depois (amanhã, sábado, etc.) [Let it go until later (tomorrow, Saturday, etc.)]
    • Por acaso [by chance]
    • Por enquanto [for now]
    • Por exemplo [for example]
    • Por favor [please]
    • Por fim [finally]
    • Por isso [for that reason; therefore]
    • Pelo/ao menos [at least]
    18.1 Pratice- Prática

    Query \(\PageIndex{18.1 A.}\)

    18.1 B. Responda às perguntas usando por ou para segundo o modelo:

    Você mandou a carta? Sim, eu mandei por mensageiro.

    1. Você já treinou muito? (duas horas)
    2. Gilberto levou a cerveja? (casa)
    3. O menino vai andar? (a praia)
    4. Sílvio sempre comprava presentes? (sua mãe)
    5. Todo mundo vai? (o Rio)
    6. Seus primos estiveram no Brasil? (um ano)
    7. O trabalho será terminado? (João Alberto)
    8. Tudo tem que estar pronto? (domingo)

    Idiomatic expressions with fazer – Expressões idiomáticas com fazer

    • fazer anos [to have a birthday]
    • fazer… anos [to be… years old]
    • fazer perguntas [to ask questions]
    • fazer uma viagem [to take a trip]
    • fazer caso (de) [to pay attention, show, regard]
    • fazer a chamada [to call roll]
    • fazer a(s) mala(s) [to pack]
    • fazer a barba [to shave]
    • fazer de conta que [to pretend, make believe that]
    • fazer compras [to go shopping]
    • fazer troça de [to make fun of]
    • fazer pouco de [to belittle]
    • fazer dieta/regime [to diet]
    • fazer frio/calor [to be cold/hot (weather)]
    • fazer as pazes [to make peace, make up]
    • Não faz mal [Never mind; It doesn’t matter]
    • Tanto faz [Either one is fine]
    Quando é que ele faz anos?

    -Vai fazer vinte anos no dia 12.

    [When is his birthday?]

    [-He’s going to be twenty on the 12th of this month.]

    Ninguém faz caso disso. [No one pays attention to that.]
    Eles fazem pouco caso do que o político diz. [They show little regard for what the politician says.]
    Antes de começar a aula, o professor fez a chamada. [Before beginning the class, the teacher called the roll.]
    Quando eu era pequena, fazia de conta que era a Mulher Maravilha. [When I was little, I used to pretend I was Wonder Woman.]
    Neste show fazem troça do vice-presidente. [They make fun of the vice-president on this show.]
    Não faça pouco dele! [Don’t belittle him!]
    Ele sofre do fígado e tem que fazer dieta. [He has liver trouble and has to diet.]
    Ela quer perder 5 kilos e está fazendo regime. [She wants to lose 10 lbs. and is on a diet.]
    Não tive tempo para fazer as compras.

    -Não faz mal. Pode fazer amanhã.

    [I didn’t have time to go shopping.]

    [-Never mind. You can do it tomorrow.]

    Você quer vinho branco ou vinho tinto?

    -Tanto faz.

    [Do you want white wine or red wine?]

    [-Either one is fine.]

    18.2 Practice – Prática

    Query \(\PageIndex{18.2 A.}\)

    18.2 B. Responda em português, segundo o modelo:

    O jornalista sempre faz perguntas indiscretas?
    – Faz, o jornalista sempre faz perguntas indiscretas.

    1. Você vai fazer as malas hoje de noite?
    2. Seu namorado fez a barba antes de sair?
    3. Cristina faz uma viagem todo verão?
    4. O Eduardo vai fazer 24 anos em abril?
    5. Vocês fizeram compras ontem à tarde?
    6. Você gosta de ficar em casa quando faz frio lá fora?

    18.2 C. Responda às perguntas usando as sugestões dadas à direita:

    Por que ela está chorando? Because I made fun of her
    – Ela está chorando porque eu fiz troça dela.

    Você quer café ou chá? Either one is fine
    Não tem mais leite. Quer que eu vá comprar? Never mind.
    Que tempo fez ontem? It was very hot.
    O que é preciso fazer antes de viajar? To pack.
    O que a Elisete fez para ficar tão magra? She went on a diet.
    Por que Ana está furiosa? Her boss showed no regard for her ideas.

    In Portuguese, cantar os parabéns means to sing the song “Happy Birthday.” The lyrics are as follows.

    “Parabéns a você” – Happy Birthday to You
    Parabéns a você
    Nesta data querida
    Muitas felicidades
    Muitos anos de vida

    Vocabulary – Vocabulário

    Comidas – Food

    Frutas- Fruit

    • o abacate [avocado]

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    • o abacaxi [pineapple]

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    • a amora [blackberry]

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    • a banana [banana]

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    • o caju [cashew fruit]

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    • o coco [coconut]

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    • a goiaba [guava]

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    • a laranja [orange]

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    • o limão [lemon, lime]

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    • a maçã [apple]

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    • o mamão [papaya]

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    • a manga [mango]

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    • o melão [melon]

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    • a melancia [watermelon]

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    • o morango [strawberry]

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    • o pêssego [peach]

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    • a uva [grape]

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    Vegetables – Legumes e verduras

    • a abóbora [pumpkin, squash]

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    • o aipo [celery]

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    • a alface [lettuce]

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    • o alho [garlic]

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    • a batata (doce) [(sweet) potato]

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    • os brócolis [brocoli]

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    • a cebola [onion]

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    • a cenoura [carrot]

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    • o chuchu [chayote squash]

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    • o cogumelo [mushroom]

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    • a couve [kale, cabbage]

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    • a couve-de-bruxelas [brussel sprouts]

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    • a couve-flor [cauliflower]

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    • as ervilhas [peas]

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    • o palmito [hearts of palm]

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    • o pepino [cucumber]

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    • o tomate [tomato]

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    Sobremesas- Desserts

    • o arroz doce [rice pudding]

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    • o biscoito [cookie]

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    • o bolo [cake]

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    • o brigadeiro [Brazilian chocolate truffle]

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    • o doce de leite [dulce de leche, sweet caramel paste]

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    • goiabada e queijo, “Romeu e Julieta” [guava jelly and cheese]

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    • o pudim [pudding]

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    • a torta [pie]

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    Additional Vocabulary – Vocabulário adicional

    • azedo, -a [ sour]

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    • o brinde [toast]

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    • o chá [tea]

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    • o/a convidado, -a [guest]

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    • doce [sweet]
    • a fatia [slice]
    • forte
    • fraco, -a [weak]
    • maduro, -a [ripe, mature]
    • a mala [suitcase]
    • a moeda [coin, currency]
    • a nota [bill; note; grade]
    • a pimenta [pepper]
    • os parabéns [congratulations]
    • a receita [recipe; prescription]
    • o refrigerante [soft drink]
    • o sal [salt]
    • salgado, -a [salty]
    • a surpresa [surprise]
    • a vela [candle]
    • a velinha [birthday candle]
    • verde [green; not ripe]
    • o vinho [wine]
    • o vinho branco [white wine]
    • o vinho tinto [red wine]

    Verbs – Verbos

    • cantar parabéns [to sing “Happy Birthday”]
    • festejar [to celebrate]
    • planejar [to plan]
    • reunir-se [to get together]
    • sofrer (de) [to suffer (from)]
    • soprar [to blow]
    • surpreender [to surprise]
    • surpreender-se [to be surprised]
    • temperar [to season]
    18.3 Practice- Prática

    18.3 D. Reescreva as seguintes orações, começando com a gente duvida que:

    Marta virá amanhã. A gente duvida que Marta venha amanhã.

    1. O exame é fácil.
    2. Há morangos suficientes para a torta.
    3. O Luís pode encontrar chuchu naquele mercado.
    4. Todos se reúnem para o aniversário da avó.
    5. Eles se amam para sempre.
    6. As frutas estão maduras.

    18.3 E. Escreva em português:

    1. Let’s go shopping Thursday night!
    2. Don’t pay attention to that sign.
    3. When I make kale, I season it with garlic, salt and pepper.
    4. Do you prefer red wine or white wine with Italian food?
    6. Give me another piece of birthday cake please.
    7. Would you like a slice of melon or pudding for dessert?
    8. I was about to leave when you called.
    9. Is this going to go on forever?


    This page titled 2.35: Lição 18 is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Severino J. Albuquerque, Mary H. Schil, & Claude E. Leroy.

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