7.2: Recognizing Effective Paraphrases
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First, let’s look at some examples of what a paraphrase looks like. A good paraphrase uses some combination of all of the steps we’ll practice in this chapter, changing grammar and vocabulary as much as possible while citing the author and expressing the same meaning as the original passage. Here’s an example:
"The point isn’t just that it’s nice to goof off every so often - it’s that it’s necessary. And that’s true even if your ultimate goal is doing better work: Downtime allows the brain to make new connections and better decisions. Multiple studies have found that sustained mental attention without breaks is depleting, leading to inferior performance and decision-making." - Rob Walker, "How to Take a Break"
In "How to Take a Break," Rob Walker argues that taking intentional pauses from work is necessary because it helps people be more creative and productive. He points out that research has shown that we can’t maintain focused attention to a task for a very long time, and that if we try to do so we don’t complete the work as well or make good decisions.
The paraphrase above
- Cites the original passage
- Accurately expresses the same meaning
- Uses different grammatical structures and vocabulary choices
Now, look at the example paraphrases below and check the characteristics that each paraphrase has. What could be done to improve each of these?
ORIGINAL PASSAGE 1: "The artificial confines of lab experiments lead to very limited sets of observations, insights that may not apply to real life, says experimental psychologist Andrew Przybylski of the University of Oxford." (Laura Sanders, "Smartphones May be Changing the Way We Think")
PARAPHRASE: Experimental psychologist Andrew Przybylski of the university of Oxford says that the artificial scope of lab experiments leads to very limited sets of observations, insights that may not be used in real life.
This paraphrase...cites the original source.accurately expresses the same meaning.uses different grammatical structures and vocabulary choices.
ORIGINAL PASSAGE 2: Machines aren’t used because they perform some tasks that much better than humans, but because, in many cases, they do a "good enough" job while also being cheaper, more predictable and easier to control than quirky, pesky humans. Technology in the workplace is as much about power and control as it is about productivity and efficiency. (Zeynep Tufekci, "The Machines are Coming")
PARAPHRASE: According to Zeynep Tufekci, author of "The Machines are Coming," employers don’t prefer machines because of their power over humans, but because they perform just enough for the requirement of the boss, without complaining and don’t require strict management.
This paraphrase...
____ cites the original source.
____ accurately expresses the same meaning.
____ uses different grammatical structures and vocabulary choices.
ORIGINAL PASSAGE 3: "The coronavirus crisis instead should be seen as the strongest argument for baby bonds. It has exposed and exacerbated the inequities of life and death in New Jersey and the rest of the nation." (The New York Times Editorial Board, "Give Money to Babies")
PARAPHRASE: The coronavirus crisis is the perfect example of why we need the baby bonds program. Many people struggle in life because of the crisis, especially the poor people.
This paraphrase...
____ cites the original source.
____ accurately expresses the same meaning.
____ uses different grammatical structures and vocabulary choices.
ORIGINAL PASSAGE 4: According to Susan Shaheen, "Policies that promote pooling, vehicle electrification and better connections to public transit can facilitate a reduced environmental impact from TNCs, while building on their mobility and accessibility benefits."
PARAPHRASE: Susan Shaheen claims that the electrification of automobiles can help protect the environment.
This paraphrase...
____ cites the original source.
____ accurately expresses the same meaning.
____ uses different grammatical structures and vocabulary choices.