7.1: Introduction
- Page ID
- 305387
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In this course and others in your college career, you will be using other people’s ideas - found in articles, textbooks, videos, and other sources - in a variety of ways. Sometimes you will be asked to explain these ideas, respond to them, or use them to craft and support your own argument.
There are two ways in which you can introduce others’ ideas: quoting and paraphrasing. To quote means to use the author’s exact words, while to paraphrase means to put the author’s ideas into your own words. Here’s an example of each.
Quotation
Nicole Pajer points out in "How to Have a Healthy Relationship with Social Media in 2021" that social media is "driving wedges between families and friends over differing political views, keeping us glued to our phones all day long, and causing some to develop self-esteem issues from comparing their lives to other people’s virtual ones."
Paraphrase
In "How to Have a Healthy Relationship with Social Media in 2021," Nicole Pajer suggests that social media causes us to stare at our phones 24/7, argue with our loved ones over politics, and even have problems with self-confidence because we compare ourselves to others’ online selves.
Note that both the quotation and the paraphrase give credit to the author and introduce their idea. They differ, though, in sentence structure, grammar, and vocabulary.
Using a quotation makes sense when the author uses striking words to make their point, or when you want your reader to see their exact words. So... why not just quote? There are several reasons:
- An essay full of quotations can be repetitive and boring. Using both quotations and paraphrases adds variety and interest to your writing.
- Paraphrasing allows you to select just the most relevant information to include in your essay and avoid excess detail.
- When used in conjunction with a quotation, paraphrasing shows the reader your interpretation of the ideas.
- Paraphrasing lets your reader see that you understand the ideas. In fact, the process of paraphrasing helps you to understand better. The more you do it, the better your reading skills will become!
- Paraphrasing helps you avoid plagiarism.
Here are our goals for this chapter:
- identifying the elements of an effective paraphrase
- closely reading and annotating a passage with the intention of paraphrasing it
- practicing various strategies for paraphrasing sentences and paragraphs
- paraphrasing quotations using a two-step strategy
- citing our source using a signal phrase