Endnotes
Complete citations are included at the end of the book.
55 Of particular note are claims that Gal Gadot of Wonder Woman has supported Israeli imperialism, and therefore her claims to feminism are contradicted by different social justice imperatives: The wonder of imperial feminism [Al Jazeera Article]
56 Although this term originated in the New Critical literary movement, it has permeated most other schools of critical theory and cultural studies. In most settings, it is generalized to refer to the attentive reading practices and philosophies discussed in this chapter; however, it does have additional connotations in New Criticism.
57 Barthes 148; 147. Barthes, Roland. Image, Music, Text, translated by Stephen Heath, Hill and Wang, 1977.
58 Gallop 11. Gallop, Jane. “The Ethics of Reading: Close Encounters.” Journal of Curriculum and Theorizing, Vol. 16., No. 3, 2000, pp. 7-17.
59 This framework was inspired by Thomas C. Foster’s in How to Read Literature Like a Professor, Harper, 2003. Part Two: Text Wrestling 233
60 Keep in mind that each of these critical lenses has a broad school of theory behind it. Your teacher might encourage you to do a bit of background research on a certain perspective before applying it.
61 Read more about this campaign and its rhetorical strategies via the New York Times: Levi’s Courts the Young With a Hopeful Call [New York Times Article]
62 For more on poetry explication, consult the UNC Writing Center’s web page
63 Ryan Mills, orig. published in 1001, issue 2, by IPRC. Reproduced with permission from the author.
64 Edwin Arlington Robinson. “Richard Cory.” 1897. Reproduced through the Public domain.
65 Donne, John. “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning.” 1633. Reproduced through the Public domain.
66 This video features Kamiko Jiminez, Annie Wold, Maximilian West, and Christopher Gaylord. It was produced and is included here with their consent. Special thanks to Laura Wilson and Kale Brewer for their support in producing this video.
67 Ballenger, Bruce. The Curious Researcher, 9th edition, Pearson, 2018, pp. 88-91.
68 Baotic, Anton, Florian Sicks and Angela S. Stoeger. “Nocturnal ‘Humming’ Vocalizations: Adding a Piece of the Puzzle of Giraffe Vocal Communication.” BioMed Central Research Notes vol. 8, no. 425, 2015. US National Library of Medicine, doi 10.1186/s13104-015- 1394-3.
69 Essay by Beth Kreinheder, Portland State University, 2018. Reproduced with permission from the student author.
70 Essay by an anonymous student author, 2017. Reproduced with permission from the student author.
71 Essay by an anonymous student author, 2016. Reproduced with permission from the student author.
72 Essay by Kayti Bell, Portland State University, 2017. Reproduced with permission from the student author.
73 Bloom, Benjamin S., et al. Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals. D. McKay Co., 1969.
74 Also of note are recent emphases to use Bloom’s work as a conceptual model, not a hardand-fast, infallible rule for cognition. Importantly, we rarely engage only one kind of thinking, and models like this should not be used to make momentous decisions; rather, they should contribute to a broader, nuanced understanding of human cognition and development.
75 In consideration of revised versions Bloom’s Taxonomy and the previous note, it can be mentioned that this process necessarily involves judgment/evaluation; using the process of interpretation, my analysis and synthesis require my intellectual discretion.
76 Mays 1258. Mays, Kelly J. “The Literature Essay.” The Norton Introduction to Literature, Portable 12th edition, Norton, 2017, pp. 1255-1278.
77 “Developing a Thesis.” Purdue OWL, Purdue University, 2014, https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/616/02/. [Original link has expired. See Purdue OWL’s updated version: Developing a Thesis] Read more advice from the Purdue OWL relevant to close reading at https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/4/17/ . Part Two: Text Wrestling 234
78 One particularly useful additional resource is the text “Annoying Ways People Use Sources,” externally linked in the Additional Recommended Resources appendix of this book.
79 Gallop 7.
80 Essay by an anonymous student author, 2014. Reproduced with permission from the student author.
81 This essay is a synthesis of two students’ work. One of those students is Ross Reaume, Portland State University, 2014, and the other student wishes to remain anonymous. Reproduced with permission from the student authors.
82 Essay by Marina, who has requested her last name not be included. Portland Community College, 2018. Reproduced with permission from the student author.
83 Essay by Mary Preble, Portland State University, 2018. Reproduced with permission from the student author.
84 Essay by an anonymous student author, 2017. Reproduced with permission from the student author.
85 Essay by Beth Kreinheder, Portland State University, 2018. Reproduced with permission from the student author.
