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5.4.2: Hera

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    279552
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    Robert Graves tells us that Hera, whose may have been the ancient Greek word for “lady,” was reputedly born on either the island of Samos or at Argos, was raised in Arcadia by Temenus, son of Pelasgus. Nursed by the Seasons, she retained the quality of seasonal fertility from the Goddess, but the power was distributed also to her sister, Demeter. Her partnership with Zeus began when he sought her out at either Knossos (Cnossos) in Crete, or on Mount Thornax (formerly, Cuckoo Mountain) in Argolis, where his first attempt to woo her proved fruitless. However, when he returned wearing the costume of a forlorn cuckoo, she felt sympathetic toward him and softened. True to his core nature, Zeus revealed himself and ravished her, entrapping her into marriage. Despite a precarious betrothal, their honeymoon was said to have lasted 300 years (Graves 26). Following the initial bliss, Hera was appointed as protectress of marriage and childbirth (a role she would share with their daughter Eileithyia [eye-LYE-thee-ah]. Yet, to diminish her potency in these roles, Zeus regularly and blatantly carried out affairs, always resulting in notable issue (heroes and semi-divine) who further eclipse her greatness. Hera, understandably, became the vengeful persecutor of Zeus’ conquests, like Ledo, Semele, Io, Europa and Alcmene, out of an inability to command her own husband’s uncensored libido. The story of this disastrous marriage may have memorialized the vanquishment of Crete and Mycenaean Greece, and the toppling of the Great Goddess and her representative, Hera. Even Hera’s symbol, the cuckoo, is a bird known for nesting in the uninhabited nests of other birds (Graves 27).

    Greek water jar depicting Athene and Herakles, who is slaying a many-headed serpent monster.
    Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): The hero Herakles survived the wrath of Hera even before his birth. Hera used her influence over childbirth and her connection to the Seasons to delay the hero’s birth, prolonging the pain of his mortal mother, Alcmene, in a projection of her rage against Zeus. In this image, Herakles and Iolas slay the many-headed snake monster, Hydra, an extension of the Goddess and her many attributes. In killing the monster, Herakles honors his father by reenacting Zeus’ slaying of Typhoeus, while pleasing his protector, Athene who smiles proudly over his achievement. Getty Villa, Malibu, California. (Photo by A. Murray 2023, CC BY)

    Tracing Hera’s wasted efforts against her husband’s numerous infidelities, she further mirrors the fraught status of women in the patrician Greek family (Leeming 176).


    5.4.2: Hera is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts.

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