8.7: (LO 8.4) Mandatos Informales
- Page ID
- 358993
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- Learn to use informal commands using 'Tú' in the:
- Affirmative
- Negative
- With Direct Object Pronouns
- With Indirect Object Pronouns
El Imperativo Informal
We have seen the imperative of usted, ustedes and nosotros. Now we are going to take a look at the informal imperative (informal (tú) command forms). The tú form is a little bit different from the other forms we have seen.
Look at this table below
| Limpiar | Comer | ||
| -- | limpiemos | -- | comamos |
| limpia | come | ||
| limpie | limpien | coma | coman |
What do you notice about the 'tú' conjugation?
- Answer
-
It's similar to the third-person present tense.
To form the affirmative informal commands, use él/ella of the present tense.
As you can see above, the positive form of the informal command is different.
You can think of it in two different ways:
- take the 's' off of the present tú form
- or use the él / ella / usted form
- Habla con tu profesor. → Talk to your teacher.
- Come las verduras. → Eat the vegetables.
- Escribe la respuesta. → Write the answer.
- Abre la ventana. → Open the window.
- Escucha la música. → Listen to the music.
- Camina más rápido. → Walk faster.
Look at this table below
| Limpiar | Comer | ||
| -- | limpiemos | -- | comamos |
| Limpia/No limpies | Come/No comas | ||
| Limpie/No limpie | Limpie/No limpien | Coma/No coma | Coman/No coman |
What do you notice about the negative 'tú' conjugation?
- Answer
-
It changes from the affirmative. The negative 'tú' form works the same as the other command forms you have seen. Just flip the vowel in the conjugation. For example:
- María, limpia la cocina.
- María, no limpies la cocina.
El Imperativo Informal con verbos irregulares
Some common verbs have irregular affirmative commands:
| Verb | Affirmative (Tú) | Negative (Tú) | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|---|
| venir (to come) | ven | no vengas | Ven aquí. (Come here.) / No vengas tarde. (Don’t come late.) |
| decir (to say/tell) | di | no digas | Di la verdad. (Tell the truth.) / No digas mentiras. (Don’t tell lies.) |
| salir (to leave/go out) | sal | no salgas | Sal de la casa. (Leave the house.) / No salgas sin tu chaqueta. (Don’t go out without your jacket.) |
| hacer (to do/make) | haz | no hagas | Haz la tarea. (Do the homework.) / No hagas ruido. (Don’t make noise.) |
| tener (to have) | ten | no tengas | Ten paciencia. (Have patience.) / No tengas miedo. (Don’t be afraid.) |
| ir (to go) | ve | no vayas | Ve al médico. (Go to the doctor.) / No vayas tarde. (Don’t go late.) |
| poner (to put/place) | pon | no pongas | Pon la mesa. (Set the table.) / No pongas tus pies en la silla. (Don’t put your feet on the chair.) |
| ser (to be) | sé | no seas | Sé amable. (Be kind.) / No seas grosero. (Don’t be rude.) |
Los pronombres reflexivos con el imperativo informal
maestra: Siéntate en la silla. (Sit on the chair.)
No te sientes en el piso. (Don´t sit on the floor.)
Notice that the pronoun attaches to the verb with positive commands and that it goes before the verb with negative commands.
Notice though, that when you learned these in lesson seven, placement was a bit different. With all of the other conjugations we have learned, the pronouns go before the conjugated verb or attach to the infinitive. However, with the imperative, the placement depends on whether it is a positive or a negative command. With a negative command, the reflexive pronoun still goes before the conjugated verb, however, with a positive command, it attaches to the end.
Here is another example of both positive and negative commands withe reflexive pronouns.
hermano mayor: Levántate a tiempo para que puedas salir conmigo para ir a la escuela.
No te levantes tarde.
El imperativo informal con pronombres de objeto indirecto
primo 1: ¿Qué les pongo a los tacos?
primo 2: Ponles queso, lechuga, tomate, acuaguate, frijoles y crema agria.
No les pongas cebolla, por favor.
Notice that the pronoun attaches to the verb with positive commands and it goes before the verb with negative commands.
Usually, the pronouns go before the conjugated verb or attach to the infinitive. However, with commands, the placement depends on whether it is a positive or a negative command. With a negative command, the indirect object pronoun still goes before the conjugated verb, however, with a positive command, it attaches to the end.
Here is another example:
hijo: ¿Qué le pongo a la pizza?
padre: Ponle piña y jalapeño. No le pongas carne, por favor.
El imperativo informal con pronombres de objeto directo
hija: ¿Debo limpiar mi cuarto?
madre: Sí, límpialo, pero no lo limpies antes de comer. (Yes, clean it, but don´t clean it before eating.)
Notice that the pronoun attaches to the verb with positive commands and it goes before the verb with negative commands.
hijo: ¿Dónde pongo mis zapatos sucios? (Where do I put my dirty shoes?)
padre: Por favor, déjalos afuera. (Please, leave them outside.)
No los pongas en la casa. (Don ́t put them in the house.)
El imperativo con pronombres de objecto indirecto y directo juntos.
hermana mayor: Yo sé que no te sientes bien. ¿Te lavo la ropa?
hermana menor: Sí, por favor lávamela.
hermana mayor: ¿Te caliento el caldo?
hermana menor: No, no me lo calientes ahora. Todavía no tengo ganas de comer. Tal vez más tarde.
Notice that the indirect object pronoun goes before the direct object pronoun. If both pronouns start with an ¨l,¨ change the indirect object pronoun to ¨se.¨
niño: ¿Cuándo le escribo una carta a San Nicolás?
padres: Escríbesela dos semanas antes de la Navidad.
No se la escribas antes de la última semana de noviembre.