8.5: (LO 8.2) Mandatos Formales Usted/Ustedes
- Page ID
- 356500
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)- Learn to use formal commands using usted/ustedes
- Learn to use negative formal commands
Mandatos formales (usted/ustedes)
Conjugación: verbos regulares
Use the following process to conjugate formal commands:
- Conjugate the verb to "yo" in present tense.
- Drop the "-o" ending of the conjugation.
- Add new ending*. (-e, -en, -a, -an)
If the verb in infinitive form ends in "-ar", the new ending for "usted" will be "-e" and for "ustedes" will be "-en".
If the verb ends in "-er" or in "-ir", the new ending for "usted" will be "-a" and for "ustedes" will be "-an".
| Infinitivo | Presente: yo | Usted | Ustedes |
|---|---|---|---|
| hablar | habl-o | hable | hablen |
| comer | com-o | coma | coman |
| vivir | viv-o | viva | vivan |
Conjugación: "yo" irregular y cambios de raíz
If a verb has an irregular "yo" form or a stem-change affecting the conjugation of "yo", use the same conjugation process described above. Keep all the letters that come before the ending "-o" as the new stem for your conjugation.
| Infinitivo | Presente: yo | Usted | Ustedes |
|---|---|---|---|
| tener | teng-o | tenga | tengan |
| pedir | pid-o | pida | pidan |
| dormir | duerm-o | duerma | duerman |
| pensar | piens-o | piense | piensen |
Conjugación: terminaciones "-car", "-gar", "-zar"
Verbs ending in "-car", "-gar", and "-zar" require a spelling change when conjugated as formal commands. The ending "-car" will change to "-que" in the "usted" conjugation and to "-quen" in the "ustedes" conjugation. The ending "-gar" will change to "-gue" when conjugating in "usted" form and to "-guen" in "ustedes" form. Verbs ending in "-zar" will change "z" to "c", and the new ending will be "-ce" for "usted" and "-cen" for "ustedes".
| Infinitivo | Presente: yo | Usted | Ustedes |
|---|---|---|---|
| buscar | busc-o | busque | busquen |
| pagar | pag-o | pague | paguen |
| empezar | empiez-o | empiece | empiecen |
Note that "empezar" is also a stem-changing verb. You must keep any irregularity in the formal command conjugation, in this case, the second "e" of "empezar" changes to "ie" in the present tense of "yo", "empiezo", so the command forms must keep this change.
Conjugación: irregular verbs
All verbs that do not end in "-o" when conjugated in present tense are irregular commands since they cannot follow the regular conjugation process. Fortunately, there are only five irregular verbs: dar, estar, ir, saber, ser. There is no rule or pattern to follow when conjugating these verbs, just memorize their conjugations:
| Infinitivo | Usted | Ustedes |
|---|---|---|
| dar | dé | den |
| estar | esté | estén |
| ir | vaya | vayan |
| saber | sepa | sepan |
| ser | sea | sean |
Negative formal commands
To make commands negative, just add the word "no" before the command:
- No hable con su profesor. (Don't talk to your professor.)
- Chicos, no hablen con su profesor. (Guys, don't talk to your professor.)