14: The World is One (1960 CE – 1990s CE)
- Page ID
- 308374
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Modern art began at the turn of the 20th century and ushered in a complete and profound change in art and the world culture. On the edge of the industrial revolution, the steam train and the electric train, along with winged flight, changed how people traveled around the world. The new form of travel opened up the opportunity for millions of people as they discovered new territories, cultures and ideas. Translating these ideas into art, the modern art movement spread quickly and changed rapidly.
- 14.1: Overview
- Modern art emerged at the turn of the 20th century, bringing about a significant and profound change in art and global culture. On the brink of the Industrial Revolution, the steam train, electric train, and winged flight transformed how people traveled worldwide. This new mode of travel gave millions of people the chance to explore new territories, cultures, and ideas.
- 14.2: Pop Art
- Pop Art emerged from popular culture during the mid-1950s in England and the United States, presenting a direct challenge to the traditional fine art movements of the first half of the twentieth century. Unlike earlier modern movements that often focused on emotional expression or abstraction, Pop artists embraced imagery from everyday life and mass culture.
- 14.3: Op Art
- Op Art, short for Optical Art, is a style of abstract visual art that creates the illusion of movement, vibration, flashing, or depth on a flat two-dimensional surface. Emerging during the 1960s, Op Art relied on precise arrangements of lines, patterns, and strongly contrasting colors to trick the viewer’s eye into perceiving motion or spatial distortion. Most Op Art compositions used black and white combinations because the extreme contrast heightened the optical illusion and intensified the vi
- 14.4: Abstract Expressionism
- Abstract Expressionism emerged in New York City after World War II as a major American art movement that shifted the center of the art world from Europe to the United States for the first time. Artists such as Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Willem de Kooning, and Robert Motherwell became associated with the New York School, where they developed highly experimental abstract styles emphasizing emotion, spontaneity, and personal expression.
- 14.5: Minimalism
- Minimalism is an art movement based on the use of simple, sparse, and reduced design elements to create a work of art. Emerging after World War II and becoming especially prominent in New York City during the 1960s, Minimalism developed partly in response to the emotional intensity and energetic brushwork of Abstract Expressionism. Minimalist artists rejected highly personal expression and instead focused on simplicity, order, geometry, and clarity.
- 14.6: San Francisco Bay Area Figurative
- The San Francisco Bay Area Figurative Movement emerged in the late 1940s and continued through the 1970s as an important transition in American modern art. The movement developed as artists began moving away from the purely nonrepresentational style of Abstract Expressionism and returned to painting recognizable figures, landscapes, and everyday objects.
- 14.7: First Nation Group of Seven
- Founded in 1973, the Indian Group of Seven, also known as the Professional Native Indian Artists Association, was an important collective of Indigenous professional artists from Canada dedicated to promoting Native art within the broader Western art world. The group was founded by Daphne Odjig after the success of a collaborative exhibition in 1972 featuring Indigenous artists and artwork inspired by Native cultural traditions and histories.
- 14.8: Quilting
- Quilting is a textile art form with origins tracing back to the medieval period, although some historians believe versions of quilting may have existed as early as ancient Egypt. The word quilt is derived from the Latin word “culcita,” meaning cushion or padded sack. Because fabric rarely survives over long periods unless preserved in protected environments such as tombs, limited physical evidence remains from the earliest forms of quilting.
- 14.9: Conclusion
- The five modern art movements each approached art in very different ways, reflecting the diversity and experimentation of the second half of the twentieth century. Pop Art, represented by Roy Lichtenstein, focused on imagery from popular culture such as comic books, advertising, and mass media. Pop Art used bold outlines, flat areas of color, and recognizable imagery to blur the distinction between fine art and commercial culture.