10: The New World Grows (1700 CE – 1800 CE)
- Page ID
- 308328
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)The New World Grows as the colonized world, America, Canada, and Australia are settled under European influence. Most of the artists were born in other countries and moved to different parts of the new world to escape war, imperialism or religious persecution. Some areas of the countries were still being discovered by the colonizers while others were being settled, establishing a contentious and disastrous relationship with the indigenous populations.
- 10.1: Overview
- When Europeans began colonizing North America, different religious groups established colonies and governments based on their own beliefs and social systems. In New England, strict religious communities created societies with highly controlled moral and religious practices, while the southern colonies developed systems based on aristocracy and large plantation estates.
- 10.2: Portraits (18th Century)
- Painting in the 18th century developed differently on each side of the Atlantic Ocean. In England, artists followed established classical traditions, while painting in the New World was often created by self-taught artists adapting European styles to colonial life. Artistic traditions in the colonies were heavily influenced by European art, especially the artistic centers of Paris and London. For centuries, portraiture had primarily focused on kings, queens, religious figures, and wealthy elites
- 10.3: George Washington Portraits (18th Century)
- Iconic American portraits played an important role in shaping the public perception of the New World and the new American republic. George Washington, the first president of the United States and the only president unanimously elected to office, became one of the most frequently painted figures in American history. Because photography had not yet been invented, artists were responsible for creating visual representations of the leaders of the new nation.
- 10.4: Early American Folk Art (1650 – 1900)
- Folk art generally referred to handmade objects created for practical or everyday use, including rugs, checkerboards, weathervanes, furniture, and household decorations. Much of this art was produced for utilitarian purposes around the home and farm rather than for formal artistic display. Small portraits and printed images also became common forms of folk art, often painted by family members or traveling itinerant painters.
- 10.5: New World Furniture and Crafts (18th Century)
- The demand for beautiful furniture in the 18th century created a new class of artisans. These skilled craftsmen became experienced cabinet makers constructing fine furniture for the plantation manors to small items for local households.
- 10.6: Natural History Illustration (18th Century)
- A scientific illustrator is an artist who records the intricate parts of plants, animals or birds. Using fine pens, pencils and watercolor, the artist sketches small elements with exacting detail creating an illustration. With the discovery of the new world, there was a great interest in the plants and animals in different areas, many of them unknown to the Europeans and considered strange and exotic. Explorers frequently hired illustrators to accompany them on their explorations.
- 10.7: Textiles (Ongoing)
- All cultures have used textiles for over 5,000 years or more, not only as a necessity but also as a decorative art form. Some textiles have been prized and traded for centuries as the silk from China by the Silk Road. During the 18th Century, explorers, traders, and settlers collected and traded textiles from different parts of the world, encouraging the growth of the raw materials in the expanded lands.
- 10.8: Conclusion
- The New World Grows was a period marked by exploration, immigration, and cultural change. As people traveled to unfamiliar lands, they created new societies while often disrupting and destroying the natural environments and cultures of Indigenous peoples. Immigrants brought their artistic styles, materials, and techniques from Europe, adapting traditional methods to fit the conditions and experiences of the New World.