1.2: Los pretéritos irregulares, parte 1
- Page ID
- 317211
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Irregular Preterites, Part 1
The preterite tense is the most challenging to learn due to its complex conjugation patterns. First, review what you learned in section 5.6.0.
Next, we will explore the conjugations of some irregular verbs in the preterite tense.
-Ir Stem-Changing Verbs in the Preterite: Patterns and Conjugation
- In 4.3.0 you learned the 3 types of stem-changing verbs in the present tense: "e→i, o→ue, and e→i".
- In 5.6.0 you learned that stem-changing verbs ending in "-ar" and "-er" are conjugated as regular verbs in the preterite.
- You will now learn that stem-changing verbs ending in "-ir" have a stem-change only in the conjugations of "usted, él, ella" and "ustedes, ellos, ellas" (3rd person singular and plural). This stem change is also different from the present tense. In preterite, you need to change "e→i, o→u". In the examples below, the preterite endings are in blue and the stem-change in the preterite conjugation is indicated in bold.
| Present | Preterite | Present | Preterite |
|---|---|---|---|
|
e → ie preferirprefiero preferimos prefieres preferís prefiere prefieren |
e → i preferirpreferí preferimos preferiste preferisteis prefirió prefirieron |
o → ue dormirduermo dormimos duermes dormís duerme duermen |
o → u dormirdormí dormimos dorrmiste dormisteis durmió durmieron |
List of Stem-Changing Verbs Ending in "-ir"
E → I Stem-Change
The bolded vowel will change from "e" → "i" in the conjugations of usted, él, ella and ustedes, ellos, and ellas (third-person singular and plural) in the preterite tense.
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| advertir | to warn |
| conseguir | to get; to obtain |
| convertir | to convert |
| convertirse en | to become |
| despedir | to fire (job dismissal) |
| despedirse | to say goodbye |
| divertirse | to have fun |
| medir | to measure |
| mentir | to lie |
| pedir | to ask for (something) |
| preferir | to prefer |
| repetir | to repeat |
| seguir | to follow; to continue |
| sentir | to feel (regret) |
| sentirse | to feel |
| servir | to serve |
| vestir | to dress someone |
| vestirse | to get dressed |
O → U Stem-Change
The bolded vowel will change from "o" → "u" in the conjugations of usted, él, ella and ustedes, ellos, ellas (3rd person singular and plural) in the preterite tense.
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| dormir | to sleep |
| dormirse | to fall asleep |
| morir | to die |
| morirse | to die off (of something, ie: of love) |
-Er and -Ir Verbs with Vowel-Ending Stems
- Observe that the stems of the "-er" and "-ir" verbs leer, caer, oír, and huir end in a vowel.
- A written accent is required on the "í" in the yo, tú, nosotros, and vosotros conjugations.
- In the usted, él, ella and ustedes, ellos, ellas forms, the vowel "i" in the ending changes to "y." This occurs because the preterite endings for "-er" and "-ir" verbs are "-ió" and "-ieron," whereas "-ar" verbs use "-ó" and "-aron."
| Leer - To Read | Caer - To Fall | Oír - To Hear | Huír - To Flee |
|---|---|---|---|
|
leí leímos leíste leísteis leyó leyeron |
caí caímos caíste caísteis cayó cayeron |
oí oímos oíste oísteis oyó oyeron |
huí huímos huíste huísteis huyó huyeron |
Note that in the conjugations above, the endings are in bold and the spelling change is indicated in blue and bold.