5.5: Los adjetivos y los pronombres demostrativos
- Page ID
- 316401
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Demonstrative Adjectives and Pronouns
Demonstrative adjectives and pronouns indicate a noun's proximity to the speaker.
Demonstrative Adjectives
A "demonstrative adjective" is a word used with a noun in a sentence to point out its proximity to the speaker. Since nouns in Spanish have gender and number, "demonstrative adjectives" will also have gender and number to "agree with the noun". Observe the following to see the speaker's perspective on the object's proximity:
| SPEAKER → | Aquí - here: (closest to speaker) → | Allí - there: (farther from speaker) → | Allá - over there: (farthest from speaker) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular masculine | este libro - this book | ese libro - that book | aquel libro - that book over there |
| Singular feminine | esta silla- this chair | esa silla - that chair | aquella silla - that book over there |
| Plural masculine | estos libros - these books | esos libros - those books | aquellos libros - those books over there |
| Plural feminine | estas sillas - these chairs | esas sillas - those chairs | aquellas sillas - those chairs over there |
Note: the demonstrative adjective is in bold.
Demonstrative Pronouns
A demonstrative pronoun replaces a noun once it is known. In Spanish, demonstrative pronouns are identical to demonstrative adjectives. Refer to the following chart to see the speaker's perspective on the object's proximity.
| SPEAKER → | Aquí - here: (closest to speaker) → | Allí - there: (farther from speaker) → | Allá - over there: (farthest from speaker) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular, masculine | este - this one | ese - that one | aquel - that one over there |
| Singular, feminine | esta - this one | esa - that one | aquella - that one over there |
| Plural, masculine | estos - these ones | esos - those ones | aquellos - those ones over there |
| Plural, feminine | estas - these ones | esas - those ones | aquellas - those ones over there |
Note: the demonstrative pronoun is in bold.
Neuter Demonstrative Pronouns
The neuter demonstrative pronouns are used to point out a situation, idea, concept, or noun that is unknown to the speaker. ¡ATENCIÓN! Do not confuse these pronouns with the singular masculine demonstrative pronouns, the ending is different:
| SPEAKER → | Aquí - here: (closest to speaker) → | Allí - there: (further from speaker) → | Allá - over there: (furthest from speaker) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neutral | esto: ¡Esto es muy interesante! | eso: ¡Me gusta eso! | aquello: ¿Qué es aquello? |
Note: the neuter demonstrative pronoun is in bold.