5.3: Los objetos directos y sus pronombres
- Page ID
- 316397
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Direct Object Nouns
In a sentence, the direct object noun is the person, animal, thing, idea, or event that the verb directly affects.
The photos below illustrate that a typical Spanish sentence begins with a subject pronoun, followed by a verb.
- If a direct object is present, it usually comes after the verb.
- To identify the direct object, ask: Verb affecting what? (left photo) or Verb affecting whom? (image on the right).
- In Spanish, when the direct object is a person or a pet, it is preceded by a, known as the personal "a"—a construction that has no direct equivalent in English.
Direct Object Pronouns
Direct Object Pronouns are words that replace direct object nouns to avoid repetition of a noun already mentioned. Below are the direct object pronouns used to replace direct object nouns:
| Singular | Plural |
|---|---|
| me = me | nos = us |
| te = you | os = you |
| lo = you (m.); him; it (m.) | los = you (m.); them (m.) |
| la = you (f.); her; it (f.) | las = you (f.); them (f.) |
Placement of the Direct Object Pronouns (DOP)
The placement of the direct object pronoun in a Spanish sentence can be confusing because it differs from English. Observe the differences between English and Spanish below:
- I study Spanish = Yo estudio español.
- I hear the boys = Yo escucho los chicos.
| English: | Spanish: |
|---|---|
|
Subject Pronoun + Conjugated verb + DOP I study it. [it= Spanish] I hear them. [them = the boys] |
Subject Pronoun + DOP + Conjugated verb Yo lo estudio. [lo = español] Yo los escucho. [los = los chicos] |
As shown in the chart, the direct object pronoun (DOP) marked in blue, is placed before the conjugated verb in bold (but after the subject pronoun). If the sentence is negative, the negative word "no" precedes the DOP:
Subject Pronoun + DOP + Conjugated verb
Yo (no) lo estudio. [lo = español]
Yo (no) los escucho. [los = los chicos]
When the infinitive or present participle is used, there are two options for direct object pronoun placement: before the conjugated verb, or attached to the infinitive or present participle. When a pronoun is attached to a present participle, an accent mark is added. Note that the direct object pronoun and the explanation of the direct object being replaced is highlighted in blue and bold in the chart.
| Subject Pronoun + DOP + Conjugated verb | OR | Subject Pronoun + Verb in the infinitive+DOP |
|---|---|---|
|
Yo lo voy a estudiar. [lo = español] Yo los voy a escuchar. [los = los chicos] |
OR OR |
Yo voy a estudiarlo. [lo = español] Yo voy a escucharlos. [los = los chicos] |
| Subject Pronoun + DOP + Conjugated verb | OR | Subject Pronoun + Verb in the present participle+DOP |
|---|---|---|
|
Yo lo estoy estudiando. [lo = español] Yo los estoy escuchando. [los = los chicos] |
OR OR |
Yo estoy estudiándolo. [lo = español] Yo estoy escuchándolos. [los = los chicos] |