3.5: Los verbos "tener" y "venir"
- Page ID
- 316373
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\dsum}{\displaystyle\sum\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\dint}{\displaystyle\int\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\dlim}{\displaystyle\lim\limits} \)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)
\( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\)
\( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\)
\( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\)
\( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\)
\( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\)
\( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\)
\( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorA}[1]{\vec{#1}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorAt}[1]{\vec{\text{#1}}} % arrow\)
\( \newcommand{\vectorB}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorC}[1]{\textbf{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorD}[1]{\overrightarrow{#1}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectorDt}[1]{\overrightarrow{\text{#1}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vectE}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{\mathbf {#1}}}} \)
\( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}} } \)
\(\newcommand{\longvect}{\overrightarrow}\)
\( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash {#1}}} \)
\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Verbs "Tener" and "Venir"
Before we review "tener" and "venir," let's go over the conjugations of regular "-er" and "-ir" verbs. Remember to drop the "-er" or "-ir" endings and add the appropriate endings from the chart below according to the corresponding personal pronoun.
Present Tense of Regular "-er" and "-ir" Verbs
|
"-er" Verbs |
"-ir" Verbs |
||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Yo |
-o |
Yo |
-o |
|
Tú |
-es |
Tú |
-es |
|
Usted, Él, Ella |
-e |
Usted, Él, Ella |
-e |
|
Nosotros, Nosotras |
-emos |
Nosotros, Nosotras |
-imos |
|
Vosotros, Vosotras |
-éis |
Vosotros, Vosotras |
-ís |
|
Ustedes, Ellos, Ellas |
-en |
Ustedes, Ellos, Ellas |
-en |
It is important to be aware that "tener" (to have) and "venir" (to come) are "-er" and "-ir" ending verbs respectively. Thus, their conjugations will have regular endings. In addition, they have an irregular "yo" form, and stem-changes in the conjugations of "tú, él, ella, usted; and ellos, ellas, ustedes". The chart below, indicates the irregularities in the conjugations of "tener" and "venir" in bold.
Present Tense of "Tener" and "Venir"
|
Tener |
Venir |
||
|---|---|---|---|
|
Yo |
tengo |
Yo |
vengo |
|
Tú |
tienes |
Tú |
vienes |
|
Usted, Él, Ella |
tiene |
Usted, Él, Ella |
viene |
|
Nosotros, Nosotras |
tenemos |
Nosotros, Nosotras |
venimos |
|
Vosotros, Vosotras |
tenéis |
Vosotros, Vosotras |
venís |
|
Ustedes, Ellos, Ellas |
tienen |
Ustedes, Ellos, Ellas |
vienen |
Idiomatic Expressions with the Verb "tener"
Besides meaning “to have”, the verb "tener" is used in some idiomatic expressions in Spanish that in English translate as "to be". We do not use "estar" or "ser" with these idiomatic expressions. Let us look at the chart:
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
|
Tener____ años |
To be _____ years old |
|
Tener (mucho) calor |
To be (very) hot |
|
Tener celos |
To be jealous |
|
Tener (mucho) cuidado |
To be (very) careful |
|
Tener (mucho) éxito |
To be (very) successful |
|
Tener (mucho) frío |
To be (very) cold |
|
Tener (mucha) hambre |
To be (very) hungry |
|
Tener (mucho) miedo |
To be (very) afraid/scared |
|
Tener (mucha) prisa |
To be in a hurry |
|
Tener razón |
To be right |
|
No tener razón |
To be wrong |
|
Tener (mucha) sed |
To be (very) thirsty |
|
Tener (mucho) sueño |
To be (very) sleepy |
|
Tener (mucha) suerte |
To be (very) lucky |
Other Expressions
- "Tener que" (to have to) + [infinitive] is used to express obligation.
Tengo que trabajar esta tarde.
I have to work this afternoon.
- "Tener ganas de" (to feel like) + [infinitive] is used to ask people if they feel like doing something.
Nosotros no tenemos ganas de hacer nada ahora.
We do not feel like doing anything right now.
¡ATENCIÓN! These idiomatic expressions with tener remain fixed, except for the verb's conjugation. The verb tener changes to match the subject, but the expression itself does not vary. For example: Yo tengo mucha sed, y mis amigos tienen mucha sed también. In the previous example, the idiomatic expression is highlighted in bold—notice how tener is conjugated in both parts of the sentence.
Prepositions Used with "venir"
Like the verb "ir" (to go), "venir" uses prepositions such as "a" (to), "de" (from), "para" (for) and "con" (with).
In the examples below, all prepositions in Spanish and their English counterpart are in bold.
Anita viene al mercado con su mamá los sábados por la mañana.
Anita comes to the market with her mom on Saturdays in the morning.
¿Tú vienes del aeropuerto?
Do you come from the airport?
Nosotros venimos para ayudarte.
We come to help you.
Los niños vienen con sus padres a la reunión.
The children come with their parents to the meeting.