34.5: Toulmin Argumentation Part 3 (Classroom Activity)
- Page ID
- 305347
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Toulmin Argumentation
Take 15 minutes to read through and complete each toulmin argumentation matching exercise for a total of 30 minutes. The exercise may be done individually, in groups, or as a whole class.
Formula for Toulmin Argumentation:
- Argument = Claim + Grounds + Warrant + Backing + Qualifier + Rebuttal
Organization of Toulmin Argumentation Components:
Claim
↑ ↑ ↑
Warrant Qualifier Rebuttal
↑ ↑
Grounds Backing
Questions to Address Per Toulmin Argumentation Component:
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Grounds = What is happening?
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Claim = What should you do in response to what is happening?
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Warrant = What assumption is being made about the connection between what is happening and what should be done in response to what is happening?
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Backing = Why is the assumption possible?
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Qualifier = What are the conditions that the assumption applies within?
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Rebuttal = What are the limits and/or doubts that will likely arise about the assumption?
Toulmin Argumentation Matching Exercise 1:
Take 15 minutes to match the phrase with which component it represents.
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Environmental researchers found that plant-based diets decrease an individual’s carbon footprint.
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Even if there are still a few meat items, a plant-based dominant cafeteria still has a greatly positive impact on the environment.
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The industry of animal agriculture creates a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions.
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Colleges should prioritize plant-based dietary options as one way to be environmentally friendly.
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Although people worry about acquiring a healthy amount of protein on a plant-based diet, colleges can support viable strategies and consciousness on plant-based protein replacements.
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Transitioning away from meat dominant college cafeteria options reduces greenhouse gas emissions and their negative impact on the environment.
Toulmin Argumentation Matching Exercise 2:
Take 15 minutes to match the phrase with which component it represents.
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While there may still be a need for shelters, stable housing at least helps curb the overcrowding issue in shelters.
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Shelters have overcrowding issues.
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Even though stable housing for all people might cost cities money, it also reduces the costs of expenses towards things like mental health and public health issues that come from overcrowding in shelters.
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People should be moved out of shelters and into stable housing.
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Researchers found that frequently moving and lack of affordable housing leads to overcrowding in shelters.
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Stable housing will provide consistent and secure places to live.
CREATE (45 minutes)
Take 15 minutes to create a six-sentence example of the six Toulmin argumentation components—one sentence per component. That should be based on your research paper’s topic. Then, take another 15 minutes to create a different six-sentence example based on how you think someone on the other side of the argument would respond. Next, work in pairs for 15 minutes to make your six-sentence examples stronger. (Note: If you find this exercise too easy, complete a third example. Later, you can ask your partner which example was strongest.)
Pair (F.A.I.R.):
With a partner, share your six-sentence examples.
F - Freely share only what you are comfortable sharing from your six-sentence examples. (Partner A)
A - Articulate what you think the main idea was from their share. (Partner B)
I - Inquire kindly about wonders or confusions you have from what they share. (Partner B)
R - Responsively reply; in other words, address whether your partner understands your six-sentence examples the way you meant for them to be understood and clarify any wonders or confusions with a rationale. (Partner A)
Sheer:
If your partner was not close to understanding your six-sentence examples’ intended meaning when they articulated and inquired, then sheer—change course quickly by way of editing your six-sentence examples.
EVALUATE (3 minutes)
What might the pros and cons be to leaving out the backing, qualifier, and rebuttal of your argument in your research essay? What do you think would make learning about the claim, grounds, warrant, backing, qualifier, and rebuttal easier?