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Capítulo 4: La geografía y el medio ambiente

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  • Page ID
    451221
    • Erica Brown, Alejandra Escudero, María Cristina Montoya, and Elizabeth Small
    • SUNY Oneonta via OER SUNY

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    Learning Objectives
    • Understand and use vocabulary related to geography and the environment
    • Use the present perfect tense
    • Use of relative pronouns
    • Uses of "se" including reciprocal "se" and accidental "se"
    • Use of indefinite and negative words

    • 4.1: Introducción- Si cuidamos la tierra, la tierra nos cuidará
      This page discusses key Latin American musical artists and groups, emphasizing their cultural significance. It covers "Los Pleneros de La Cresta," an Afro-Puerto Rican plena group, "Los Caligaris," an Argentine rock band, Celso Piña, a noted Mexican Cumbia musician, and Vicente Fernández, a famed Mexican singer and actor. Each artist exemplifies the diversity and richness of the musical landscape in Latin America.
    • 4.2: Vocabulario- La geografía y el medio ambiente
      This page introduces key Spanish vocabulary related to geography and environmental issues, covering terms for landforms, bodies of water, and significant environmental problems like deforestation and global warming. It also includes relevant verbs such as to recycle and to pollute, promoting reader engagement with these concepts.
    • 4.3: En contexto- Pretérito perfecto del indicativo
      En una clase de medio ambiente en Montevideo, se abordan los glaciares, enfocándose en el Perito Moreno, cuyas características se contrastan con otros glaciares que se derretirán debido al calentamiento global. Micaela y Roberto comparten sus conocimientos y experiencias, mientras que la profesora menciona una excursión al Parque Nacional de los Glaciares programada para 2022. Además, se incluye un análisis de gramática sobre participios pasados y el presente perfecto en español.
    • 4.4: Lección- Pretérito perfecto del indicativo
      This page covers the present perfect tense in Spanish, or "pretérito perfecto," emphasizing its structure with the auxiliary verb "haber" and past participles. It explains how to form regular past participles, notes some common irregular ones, and describes the tense's usage for actions recently completed. The page contrasts this tense with the preterit past tense and points out that many past participles can also serve as adjectives, enhancing vocabulary.
    • 4.5: En contexto- Las palabras indefinidas y negativas
      This page explores the history of information retrieval prior to Google, emphasizing the importance of libraries and physical maps. It contrasts earlier search engines, such as AskJeeves and Yahoo!, with Google's transformative influence since 1998. The author highlights the limitations of past information access and encourages readers to reflect on their dependence on digital tools. The page also includes analytical questions about grammar, specifically targeting negative and indefinite words.
    • 4.6: Lección- Las palabras indefinidas y negativas
      This page covers the use of indefinite and negative expressions in Spanish, detailing correct usage in questions and answers. It emphasizes the need for negative responses to align with the indefinite terms, discusses double negatives for greater flexibility, and notes gender and number agreement. The page provides examples to illustrate proper context and application of these expressions.
    • 4.7: En contexto- Los pronombres relativos
      This page explores the relative pronouns “que,” “donde,” and “quien” through a dialogue between U.S. and Ecuadorian students working on a project. Their conversation emphasizes climate and environmental issues, providing context for understanding these pronouns. It includes analytical questions to help readers grasp their usage and the differences between “que” and “quien.”
    • 4.8: Lección- Los pronombres relativos
      This page introduces Spanish relative pronouns "que," "donde," and "quien/quienes," explaining their transformation from question words to create complex sentences. It includes examples combining sentences to provide specific information about countries, locations, and people. The text notes the omission of accent marks when used as relative pronouns and highlights the ability to incorporate multiple relative pronouns in one sentence.
    • 4.9: Lección- "Se recíproco y "se" accidental
      This page discusses two uses of the Spanish pronoun "se": the reciprocal "se," which denotes mutual actions among groups, and the accidental "se," which describes unintended occurrences. The reciprocal use involves reflexive verbs, while the accidental use follows a specific structure with an indirect object pronoun and a preterite verb. Examples of relevant verbs for the accidental construction include caer, olvidar, and romper.
    • 4.10: Lectura- Gabriel García Márquez
      This page highlights the life and achievements of Gabriel García Márquez, a Nobel Prize-winning Colombian author known for his influence on magical realism, particularly through his novel "Cien años de soledad." It emphasizes his critique of political issues and leftist support. Additionally, the page provides language skills for discussing past events, commands, suggestions, wishes, and future matters, along with practice activities.
    • 4.11: Repaso- Si cuidamos la tierra, la tierra nos cuidará
      This page addresses key geographical features and critical environmental issues like drought and deforestation while introducing relevant vocabulary and verbs such as recycle and pollute. It also discusses verb conjugations in present perfect and future tenses, covering both regular and irregular forms. The content effectively links environmental terminology with grammatical concepts to enhance comprehension and communication skills.

    This page titled Capítulo 4: La geografía y el medio ambiente was last modified on Tue, 11 Aug 2026 02:17:24 GMT and is shared under a CC BY-NC 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Erica Brown, Alejandra Escudero, María Cristina Montoya, and Elizabeth Small (OER SUNY) via source content that was edited to the style and standards of the LibreTexts platform.