16.4: Citing Common Sources Tyles in MLA
- Page ID
- 315376
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PRINT BOOKSExample citations include “version, if relevant”; examples would be 8th ed. or King James Version. Only include the version if it truly matters which edition is used. Do not include the city of publication. For books with three or more authors (rare), you would list only the first author followed by et al. For an example, see “Scholarly journal article from a database” under the LIBRARY DATABASES – E-BOOKS, ARTICLES, & VIDEOS section. |
| One Author |
Author Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Version if relevant, Publisher, Publication Year. Kelly, William R. The Future of Crime and Punishment: Smart Policies for Reducing Crime and Saving Money. Rowman & Littlefield, 2016. |
| Two Authors |
Author 1 Last Name, First Name, and Author 2 First Name Last Name. Title of Book. Version if relevant, Publisher, Publication Year. Jeandron, Carol, and Gail Robinson. Creating a Climate for Service Learning Success. American Association of Community Colleges, 2010. |
| No Author |
Title of Book. Version if relevant, Publisher of Book, Publication Year. ProQuest Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2014. 2nd ed., ProQuest, 2013. |
| Corporate Author |
Corporation or Organization That Authored the Book. Title of Book. Version if relevant, Publisher, Publication Year. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. The 9/11 Commission Report. Norton, 2004. |
| Editor or translator instead of author |
Last Name, First Name, editor. Title of Book. Version if relevant, Publisher, Publication Year. Thompson, Tamara, editor. Poverty in America. Gale Cengage Learning, 2015. |
| Editor or translator and author |
Author Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Translated by Translator First Name Last Name, Version if relevant, Publisher, Publication Year. Cervantes Saavedra, Miguel de. Don Quixote. Translated by Edith Grossman, HarperCollins, 2003. |
| Subsequent (later) Edition of a Book |
Author Last Name, First Name. Title. Edition, Publication Company, Year. Loewen, James. Lies My Teacher Told Me. 3rd ed., New Press, 2018. |
| Essay or chapter from an edited book |
Chapter Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of Chapter or Essay." Title of Book, edited by Editor First Name Last Name, Version if relevant, Publisher, Publication Year, pp. x-x. US Department of Agriculture. "Poverty Impacts Rural Communities." Poverty in America, edited by Tamara Thompson, Gale Cengage Learning, 2015, pp. 36-39. |
| Encyclopedia Article |
Author of entry Last Name, First Name if available. "Title of Entry." Title of Encyclopedia, edited by Editor First Name Last Name if available, vol. x if multivolume encyclopedia, Publisher, Publication Year, p. x. Constans, Claire. "Le Brun, Charles." The Dictionary of Art, edited by Jane Turner, vol. 19, Macmillan, 1996, pp. 19-25. |
See this video for help citing print books in MLA and locating the information in a print book required for a citation.
CITING PRINT PERIODICALS IN MLA (Magazines, Newspapers, and Scholarly Journals)Page numbers should be noted as follows: p. x (if a single page), pp. x-x (if the article is more than one page and runs continuously), or pp. x+ (if the article does not appear on consecutive pages). Depending on what information is available, publication dates should be formatted as Month Year (e.g., Aug. 2016), Season Year (e.g., Winter 2015), or Day Month Year (e.g., 10 Sept. 2016). All months are abbreviated to their first three letters except for May, June, July (not abbreviated), and September (abbreviated to Sept.). For an example of a source with two authors, see "Two authors" under the PRINT BOOKS section. For an example of a source with three or more authors, see "Scholarly journal article from a database" under the LIBRARY DATABASES - E-BOOKS, ARTICLES, & VIDEOS section. |
| Scholarly journal article |
Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Journal Title, vol. x, no. x, Publication Date, pp. x-x. Klar, Sebastian. '"Marginal Immigrants': Jewish-Argentine Immigration to the State of Israel, 1948-1967." Israel Studies, vol. 21, no. 2, Summer 2016, pp. 50-76. |
| Magazine article |
Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Title of Magazine, vol. x, no. x if available, Publication Date, pp. x-x. Mueller, Tom. "Plundering the Past." National Geographic, vol. 229, no. 6, June 2016, pp. 58-81. |
| Newspaper article |
Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Title of Newspaper, vol. x if available, no. x if available, Day Month Year of publication, p. x. Tobias, Suzanne Perez. "Cafeteria Worker Serves Up 30 Years of Perfect Attendance." The Wichita Eagle, vol. 144, no. 137, 16 May 2016, pp. lA+. |
LIBRARY DATABASES - E-BOOKS, ARTICLES, & VIDEOS IN MLAIf your source comes from a library database, you do not include the date you accessed it. Page numbers, if available, should be noted as follows: p. x (if a single page), pp. x-x (if the article is more than one page and runs continuously), or pp. x+ (if the article does not appear on consecutive pages). Depending on what information is available, publication dates should be formatted as Month Year (e.g., Aug. 2016), Season Year (e.g., Winter 2015), or Day Month Year (e.g., 10 Sept. 2016). All months are abbreviated to their first three letters except for May, June, July (not abbreviated), and September (abbreviated to Sept.). URL vs. DOI: If a DOI (digital object identifier - usually a string of numbers and letters) is given, use that for the location, in this format: doi: 12345/abcl2345. If no DOI is available, use the article's URL instead. Do not copy the URL from your browser's address bar - instead, try to find the permalink or stable link in the article's database record. In MLA style, "University Press" is abbreviated to UP. Hence, Princeton University Press becomes Princeton UP. |
| E-Book from a library database |
Author Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Version if relevant, Publisher, Publication Year. Title of Database, URL of book. Abbate, Carolyn. Unsung Voices: Opera and Musical Narrative in the Nineteenth Century. Princeton UP, 1991. ACLS Humanities E-Book, http://hdl.handle.net/2027 /heb.06245.0001.001. |
| Chapter from an e-book |
Chapter Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of Chapter or Essay." Title of Book, edited by Editor First Name Last Name, Version if relevant, Publisher, Publication Year, pp. x-x if available. Title of Database, URL of book. Beier, Margaret E., and Ruth Kanfer. "Work Performance and the Older Worker." The SAGE Handbook of Aging, Work and Society, edited by John Field et al., Sage Publications Ltd., 2013. SAGE Knowledge, http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781446269916.n6. |
| Encyclopedia article from a database |
Author of entry Last Name, First Name if available. "Title of Entry." Title of Encyclopedia, Publisher, Year of Publication. Title of Database, URL of encyclopedia entry. Keane, Marguerite. "Art Fraud." Encyclopedia Britannica, Encyclopedia Britannica, 2016. Britannica Academic, http://academic.eb.com.butlerlib.butlercc.edu/ EBchecked/topic/1979694/art-fraud. |
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Scholarly journal article from a database For three or more authors, list the first author followed by "et al." |
Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Title of Journal, vol. x if available, no. x if available, Publication date, pp. x-x if available. Title of Database, DOI/URL of article. Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F., et al. "Mental Health and Comorbidities in U.S. Military Members." Military Medicine, vol. 181, no. 6, June 2016, pp. 537-545. EBSCOhost Academic Search Premier, doi:10.7205/MILMED-D-15-00187. |
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Magazine article from a database Only include volume and issue numbers when available |
Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Title of Magazine, vol. x if available, no. x if available, Publication date, pp. x-x if available. Title of Database, URL of article. Dolesh, Richard J. "Parks Saving the Monarch." Parks & Recreation, Apr. 2016, pp. 52-57. EBSCOhost Academic Search Premier, http://search. ebscohost.com.butlerlib. butlercc.edu/login.aspx?direct=true& db=aph&AN=108390820&site=ehost-live. |
| Newspaper article from a database |
Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Title of Newspaper, vol. x if available, no. x if available, Publication date, pp. x+ if available. Title of Database, URL of article. Clements, Julie. "A Record Setting Auction: Sundgren Sells More Than 9,000 in Land Auction." The El Dorado Times, 20 Aug. 2013, p. A8. Newsbank, http://infoweb.newsbank.com/ resources/doc/nb/news/ 14874081B5FF7898?p=AWNB. |
| Statistical info from Statista or Sage Stats |
"Title of Statistical Information Collected." Agency that collected the statistic, Date of Publication. Title of Database, URL of statistic. "Global Cotton Production Volume from 1990 to 2016 (in 1,000 Bales)*." National Cotton Council, 2016. Statista, http://www.statista.com/statistics/ 259392/cotton-productionworldwide-since-1990/. |
| Video from a database |
Executive Producer Last Name, First Name, executive producer. Title of Video. Production Company/Publisher of Video, Video release date. Title of Database, URL of video. Haffner, Craig, and Donna E. Lusitana, executive producers. The Presidents: 1865-1885. The History Channel, 2005. Films on Demand, http://fod.infobase.com/ Porta I Playlists.aspx?wl D=95465&xtid =43177. |
See this video for help citing database sources in MLA 9.
CITING ONLINE SOURCES FROM THE OPEN WEB IN MLAFor sources from the open Web, include the date you accessed it in Day Month Year format (e.g., Accessed 10 Sept. 2016) at the end of the citation. All months are abbreviated to their first three letters except for May, June, July (not abbreviated), and September (abbreviated to Sept.). If no publication date is available, simply omit it. Do not use "n.d." as a placeholder. |
| Website Usually, you'll use only part of a website (a section or article). Only cite an entire website if you used the whole website. |
Author Last Name, First Name if available. Title of Website. Company or organization responsible for website, Publication date if available, URL. Accessed Day Month Year. Occupational Outlook Handbook. United States, Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, http://www.bls.gov/ooh/. Accessed 22 June 2016. |
| Article from an online newspaper or magazine |
Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Article.” Title of Magazine or Newspaper, Day Month Year of Publication, URL of article. Accessed Day Month Year. DeRuy, Emily. “The Complex Lives of Babies.” The Atlantic, 20 June 2016, http://www.theatlantic.com/education...babies/487679/. Accessed 6 Oct. 2016. |
| Section of a website |
Author Last Name, First Name if available. “Title of Section.” Title of Website if Available, Publisher or sponsor of website if available, Day Month Year of publication if available, URL of section. Accessed Day Month Year. “Farmer Services.” Cargill, Inc., http://cargill.com/products/farmer/index.jsp. Accessed 7 Oct. 2016. |
| Image |
Artist or photographer Last Name, First Name. Title of Image or Artwork. Date work was created. Title of Website, URL. Accessed Day Month Year. van Gogh, Vincent. Starry Night. 1889. Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/ wiki/File: VanGoghstarry_night_ballance1.jpg. Accessed 24 June 2016. |
| Podcast Episode |
Podcast host Last Name, First Name. “Title of Episode.” Title of Podcast, season x if available, episode x if available, Day Month Year of publication, URL. Accessed Day Month Year. Vogt, PJ, and Alex Goldman, hosts. “Raising the Bar.” Reply All, episode 52, 20 Jan. 2016, https://gimletmedia.com/episode/52-raising-the-bar/. Accessed 14 July 2016. |
| Video |
Last Name, First Name of person responsible for video if available. “Title of Video.” Title of Series if available, Day Month Year video was posted, URL. Accessed Day Month Year. Gage, Greg. “How to Control Someone Else’s Arm with Your Brain.” TED Talks, 28 Apr. 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rSQNi5sAwuc. Accessed 24 June 2016. |
| An Online Interview |
Interviewee. Interviewer. Title, Publication, Date Published, URL. Date Accessed. Reeves, Keanu. Interview with William Mullallay. “Keanu Reeves on The Matrix’s Future: ‘It’s Going to Take a Lot of Love’”, Esquire Middle East, 30 Dec. 2021, https://www.esquireme.com/culture/in...-a-lot-of-love. 25 March 2022. |
| TikTok |
Author Last Name, First Name. [@Username]. “Caption of video.” TikTok, Date Posted, URL. @emilyellet. “In which my hair looks fabulous and I ramble about my career. #audiobooknarrator @panapronarrators.” TikTok, 7 March, https://vm.tiktok.com/ZTdm8qy9G/ |
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Author Last Name, First Name. [@Username]. “Entire post without changes.” Twitter, Date Posted, URL. Neil deGrasse Tyson @neiltyson ”Stars are not Irish: The laws of radiative physics conspire in such a way that there are no Green stars in the Universe. They come in three basic colors: Reddish, White, & Blueish.” Twitter, 17 March 2022, https://twitter.com/neiltyson/status...02127001?s=226 |
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Author [@Username]. “Entire caption of the picture or video.” Instagram, Date Posted, URL. Accessed Date. @workingclasshistory. “On this day, 25 March 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in New York took place, which killed 147 workers…” Instagram, 25 March 2022, https://www.instagram.com/p/CbimXIMB..._web_copy_link, 25 March 2022. |
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| Wikipedia NOTE: Wikipedia is great for background research, but it's usually not a source you should use to support an academic speech or paper. |
“Title of Entry.” Wikipedia, Day Month Year entry was last updated, URL. Accessed Day Month Year. To see when a Wikipedia article was updated, click the “View History” tab at the top of the page. “Television.” Wikipedia, 10 June 2016, https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Television. Accessed 22 June 2016. |