11.1: Establishing Purpose for a Definition Essay

The purpose of a definition essay may seem self-explanatory: to write an extended definition of a word or term. But defining words in writing is often more complicated than just consulting a dictionary. In fact, the way we define terms can have far-reaching consequences for individuals as well as collective groups.

Take, for example, a word like “alcoholism.” The way one defines alcoholism depends on its legal, moral, and medical contexts. Lawyers may define alcoholism in hers of its legality; parents may define alcoholism in terms of its morality; and doctors will define alcoholism in terms of symptoms and diagnostic criteria. Think also of terms that people tend to debate in our broader culture. How we define words such as “marriage,” “climate change,” “gender,” and “history” has enormous impact on policy decisions and even on our daily decisions. Debating the definition of a word or term might have an impact on your relationship or your job, or it might simply be a way to understand an unfamiliar phrase in popular culture or a technical term in a new profession.

For example, consider the word “hot” when used as a measure of someone’s physical attractiveness, or the attractiveness of someone’s actions or gestures. Tackling the ambiguity of this term within that context is what the Definition essay is made for: a single word or concept with multiple meanings, connotations, and cultural significances. A relatively simple essay might look at the differing definitions of the word and explain them to an audience with commentary and examples to help illustrate the concept. A more focused essay might take one of the definitions and dive a little deeper. Is “hot” as a measure of attractiveness sexist? (And, keep in mind, “sexist” itself might require some defining from you, as well.) What are the personal, societal, or political ramifications of declaring someone “hot” or “not”? While this deep examination of such a “simple” word might seem a little pointless, remember that fashion, skin and hair care, and cosmetics industries together gross hundreds of billions of dollars a year. On social media, there are thousands of posts and videos of makeup and hair tutorials, shoe unboxings, and “how to look your hottest”—for men as well as for women. Determining who, or what, is hot is big business.

Defining terms within a relationship, or within any other context, can be difficult at first, but once a definition is established between two people or a group of people, it is easier to have productive dialogues. Definitions, then, establish the way in which people communicate ideas. They set parameters for a given discourse, which is why they are so important.

When writing definition essays, avoid terms that are too simplistic, that lack complexity. Think in terms of concepts, such as “hero,” “immigration,” or “loyalty,” rather than physical objects. Definitions of concepts, rather than objects, are often fluid and contentious, making for a more effective definition essay. For definition essays, try to think of concepts in which you have a personal stake. You are more likely to write a more engaging definition essay if you are writing about an idea that has value and importance to you.

Application of Definition

Definitions play a critical role in all workplace environments. Take the term “sexual harassment,” for example. Sexual harassment is broadly defined at the federal level, but each company may have additional criteria that define it further. Knowing how your workplace defines and treats all sexual harassment allegations is important. Think, too, about how your company defines lateness, productivity, or contributions.