2.4.0: Gramática
- Page ID
- 284349
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)We previously learned that some verbs have an o/u → ue stem change with certain subjects. The verbs in this section will follow the same rules with the following changes:
- e → ie;
- e → i
Let´s review which subjects require a stem change by looking at the verb pensar (to think):
Roper Boot Attribution: By Hustvedt, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Modified with labels by Gabriela C. Zapata, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Notice that the verb conjugation endings the same normal endings you learning in Spanish 107 for AR, ER, and IR verbs - the only difference now is that the verbs listed below require stem changes inside the boot.
Stem-changing Verbs: e → ie
| comenzar | to start |
|---|---|
| empezar | to begin |
| entender | to understand |
| hervir | to boil |
| pensar | to think |
| preferir | to prefer |
| querer | to want |
| recomendar | to recommend |
| sentirse | to feel in a certain way or to be suffering from the symptoms of a certain state (e.g., Me siento cansada—I feel tired) |
| tener* | to have |
In Spanish, the verb tener is used to describe emotions and states that, in English, we express with the verb to be (e.g., to be thirsty, to be hungry, to be a certain age, etc.). Here are some expressions that work in this way:
| tener...años | to be...years old |
|---|---|
| tener calor | to be hot |
| tener cuidado | to be careful |
| tener éxito | to be successful |
| tener frío | to be cold |
| tener hambre | to be hungry |
| tener miedo | to be afraid |
| tener prisa | to be in a hurry |
| tener razón | to be right |
| tener sed | to be thirsty |
| tener sueño | to be sleepy/tired |
| tener suerte | to be lucky |
Based on the rules discussed, conjugate the verb entender. Write the forms next to the person. One has been done for you.
| yo entiendo | nosotros |
|---|---|
| tú | vosotros |
| él/ella/usted | ellos/as /ustedes |
Stem-changing Verbs: e → i
| desvestirse | to undress (oneself) |
|---|---|
| pedir | to ask for/to request |
| seguir | to follow/to continue |
| servir | to serve |
| vestirse | to dress (oneself) |
Based on the rules discussed, conjugate the verb vestirse. Write the forms next to the person. This is a reflexive verb, so you will need to use the reflexive pronouns. One has been done for you.
| yo me visto | nosotros |
|---|---|
| tú | vosotros |
| él/ella/usted | ellos/as /ustedes |
Now that you have learned what stem-changing verbs are and how they are conjugated, we recommend that you watch the following video, which summarizes the information presented in this section.
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