3.4.0: Gramática
- Page ID
- 282927
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Present tense of “-er” and “-ir” verbs
Infinitives and Conjugations
-ER verbs: To conjugate, drop the –er from the infinitive. Next, add endings to the stem. The ending will depend on who is doing the action (remember the subject). Have a look at this example:
|
yo |
como |
I eat |
|---|---|---|
|
tú |
comes |
you (informal) eat |
|
vos |
comés |
you (informal) eat; mostly Argentina & Uruguay |
|
usted, Ud., él, ella |
come |
you (formal) eat, he/she eats |
|
nosotros(as) |
comemos |
we eat |
|
vosotros(as) |
coméis |
y’all (informal: Spain) eat |
|
ustedes, Uds., ellos/ellas |
comen |
y’all eat, they eat |
-IR verbs: IR verbs follow a similar pattern. Take a look at this example:
|
yo |
vivo |
I live |
|---|---|---|
|
tú |
vives |
you (informal) live |
|
vos |
vivís |
you (informal) eat; mostly Argentina & Uruguay |
|
usted, Ud., él, ella |
vive |
you (formal) live, he/she lives |
|
nosotros(as) |
vivimos |
we live |
|
vosotros(as) |
vivís |
y’all (informal: Spain) live |
|
ustedes, Uds., ellos/ellas |
viven |
y’all live, they live |
Takeaway: A conjugated verb gives a lot of information:
- What?: What is the action being performed? (Ex: Aprender - to learn)
- Who?: Who is the subject / Who is performing the action? (Ex: Aprendo - I learn)
- When?: When does the action take place? (All of the verb conjugations on this page are in the present tense - they refer to things happening right now in time)
The following video summarizes the information discussed in this section, and it reviews what we already know about -ar verbs.
Attribution: Presente regular en español – Spanish Regular Verbs in Present Tense. By ProfeDeELE.es, licensed under CC BY 3.0.
Take a look at other -er and -ir verbs that follow the same conjugation patterns as listed above.
|
aprender |
to learn |
|---|---|
|
asistir |
to attend |
|
beber |
to drink |
|
compartir |
to share |
|
correr |
to run |
|
escribir |
to write |
|
imprimir |
to print |
|
leer |
to read |
|
ver |
to see/watch |
|
vender |
to sell |
|
vivir |
to live |