2.3.0: Gramática
- Page ID
- 282050
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Gender of Nouns
In Spanish, all nouns have a gender.
Nouns that that end in -a, -ión, -tad, and -dad, or end in other consonants and refer to beings with female attributes are feminine in gender.
Modelo:
- People with feminine attributes: la mujer, la chica, la profesora
- -a: la casa, la pluma, la mochila
- -ión: la canción (the song), la nación (the nation), administración (the administration), la educación (the education)
- -tad: la amistad (friendship), la dificultad (the difficulty)
- -dad: la ciudad (the city), la verdad (the truth), la libertad (the freedom)
Many nouns that end in -o, -ta or -ma or refer to beings with male attributes are masculine in gender.
Modelo:
- People with masculine attributes: el hombre, el chico, el profesor
- -o: el libro, el cuaderno, el escritorio
- -ta: el cometa, el planeta, el tema (the theme, the topic)
- -ma: el poema, el programa, el diagrama
Some nouns that refer to people have a single form; therefore, they can be both masculine and feminine, and gender is indicated by the article chosen to refer to them. You already know one of these nouns, estudiante (el/la estudiante).
Modelo:
- el/la paciente (the patient)
- el/la dentista
- el/la periodista (the journalist, the reporter)
- el/la deportista (the athlete)
There are some words that do not follow the rules discussed above, and thus, you need to follow our recommendation: Learn the article with the word to remember their gender.
Some of the words in this category are:
- La mente (the mind)
- la gente ([the] people)
- la clase
- el mapa
- el día
- la mano (the hand)
- el agua (water)
Number of Nouns
¿Y el plural? What happens if we need to talk about people, things, places, etc. in the plural? Well, it is quite easy.
If we need an article to refer to them, we need to transform the singular form of the indefinite or the definite articles into the plural forms.
Modelo:
- Indefinite articles: un --> unos; una --> unas
- Definite articles: el --> los; la --> las
We also need to use the plural form of the noun.
As in English, when a noun ends in a vowel, to make the plural form, you only need to add -s to the singular noun
Modelo:
un/el libro --> unos/ los libros
If a noun ends in a consonant, you need to add -es
Modelo:
una/la universidad --> unas/las universidades