9.3: Gramática--Cláusulas con si en situaciones dudosas o no probables.
- Page ID
- 328410
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)A veces queremos compartir eventos que no son probables. Para hacer esto, empezamos con la palabra si + el imperfecto del subjuntivo. En la otra parte de la oración, la parte principal, usamos el condicional. Porque es un evento dudoso o poco probable, usamos el subjuntivo.
Por ejemplo:
- Si yo necesitara dinero extra, trabajaría horas extras. (If I were to need extra money, I would work extra hours.)
- Si estudiaras diariamente, obtendrías buenas notas. (If you were to study every day, you would get good grades.)
- Si quisieran buenas notas, estudiarían un poco cada día. poco día. (If they wanted good grades, they would study a little every day.)
En estas oraciones, los resultados no son seguros. En otras palabras, hay que usar una forma del subjuntivo porque hay duda.
Otra vez, es posible tener la cláusula con si como la segunda parte de la oración. El imperfecto del subjuntivo todavía viene después de si y la parte principal todavía usa el condicional. Compara las oraciones de abajo con las de arriba.
- Yo trabajaría horas extras si necesitara dinero extra. (I would work extra hours if I were to need extra money.)
- Obtendrías buenas notas si estudiaras diariamente. (You would get good grades if you were to study every day.)
- Estudiarías un poco cada día si quisieras buenas notas. (You would study a little every day if you wanted good grades.)
Si queremos usar cláusulas con si en situaciones dudosas o no probables en el pasado, empezamos con la palabra si + el pluscuamperfecto del subjuntivo. En la otra parte de la oración, la parte principal, usamos el condicional perfecto. Por ejemplo:
- Si yo hubiera necesitado dinero extra, habría trabajado horas extras. (If I had needed needed extra money, I would have worked extra hours.)
- Si hubieras estudiado diariamente, habrías obtenido buenas notas. (If you had studied every day, you would have gotten good grades.)
- Si hubieran querido buenas notas, habrían estudiado un poco cada día. (If they had wanted good grades, they would have studied a little every day.)
Es posible cambiar el orden con estos tiempos también.
- Habría trabajado horas extras si yo hubiera necesitado dinero extra. (I would have worked extra hours if I had needed extra money.)
- Habrías obtenido buenas notas si hubieras estudiado diariamente. (You would have gotten good grades if you had studied every day.)
- Habrían estudiado un poco cada día si hubieran querido buenas notas. (They would have studied a little every day if they had wanted good grades.)
Con práctica, estas cláusulas tienen mucho sentido.
Prácticas.
A. Traduce las oraciones al español.
1. If she were to run, she would feel good.
2. She would feel good if she were to run.
3. If he were to drink coffee, he would feel happy.
4. He would feel happy if he were to drink coffee.
5. If we were to have free time, we would go to the music program.
6. We would go to the music program if we were to have free time.
7. If you were study Spanish, you would have more job opportunities.
8. You would have more job opportunities if you were to study Spanish.
9. If you were to listen to music, you would listen to Selena.
10. You would listen to Selena if you were to listen to music.
11. If we were to go to the desert, we would hike.
12. We would hike if we were t go to the desert.
13. If I were to go to the lake, I would kayak.
14. I would kayak if I were to go to the lake.
15. If you were to go to Europe, you would need a passport.
16. You would need a passport if you were to go to Europo.
17. If I were to go to the aquarium, I would see fish.
18. I would see fish if I were to go to the aquarium.
19. If you were to go to Great America, you would ride roller coasters.
20. You would ride roller coasters if you were to go to Great America.
B. Termina las oraciones en una manera lógica.
1. Si me relajara
2. Si fuéramos a la playa
3. Si trabajaras mucho
4. Si tuviera tiempo libre
5. Si hicieras una maleta
6. Si fuéramos a una ciudad grande
7. Si quisieras bailar
8. Si mi perro tuviera sueño
9. Si mi amigo(a) tuviera dinero extra
10. Si no tuviera mi teléfono celular
C. Escribe una cláusula con si para cada situación.
Por ejemplo: Quieres recibir buenas notas. Si quisieras buenas notas, harías tu tarea.
1. Tienes mucha sed.
2. Tenemos tiempo libre.
3. Tu profesora cancela la clase.
4. Tus amigos quieren comer buena comida mexicana.
5. La clase participa mucho.
6. Es la semana de los exámenes finales.
7. Es la Navidad.
8. Hace mucho frío.
9. Hace mucho calor.
10. No hay un buen lugar para estacionar tu coche.