3.22: Putting It Together- ¿Qué clases tomas?
- Page ID
- 290027
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El verbo tener
The verb tener (to have) is special in the sense that it has an irregular yo form and also has a change of e>ie in the stem.
|
tener (to have) |
|
| (stem: ten; irregular yo-form; stem-vowel change) | |
| singular | plural |
| yo tengo | nosotros tenemos |
| tú tienes | vosotros tenéis |
| él tiene ella tiene usted tiene | ellos tienen ellas tienen ustedes tienen |
Preguntas con ¿qué? y ¿cuál?
¿Qué? literally means “what?”, and its usage in Spanish is very similar to English. Spanish has two words to ask “which?”, depending on whether the answer is anticipated to be singular (¿cuál?), or plural (¿cuáles?). As when asking “which?” in English, ¿cuál? asks for an answer from among a more or less limited number of options.
Expresiones con tener y tener + que
Tener + noun for physical conditions
- Tener calor = to be/feel hot (literally, “to have heat”)
- Tener frío = to be/feel cold
- Tener hambre = to be hungry
- Tener miedo = to be afraid
- Tener prisa = to be in a hurry
- Tener sed = to be thirsty
- Tener vergüenza = to be embarrassed
- Tener ganas de = to be in the mood for
- Tener sueño = to be sleepy
- Tener suerte = to have luck, be fortunate
- tener # años = to be # years old
Tener + que + infinitive: to have to
Numbers up to 100
16 dieciséis
17 diecisiete
18 dieciocho
19 diecinueve
20 veinte
21 veintiuno
22 veintidós
23 veintitrés
24 veinticuatro
25 veinticinco
26 veintiséis
30 treinta
31 treinta y uno
32 treinta y dos
33 treinta y tres
34 treinta y cuatro
35 treinta y cinco
36 treinta y seis
37 treinta y siete
38 treinta y ocho
39 treinta y nueve
40 cuarenta
43 cuarenta y tres
49 cuarenta y nueve
50 cincuenta
51 cincuenta y uno
55 cincuenta y cinco
60 sesenta
62 sesenta y dos
66 sesenta y seis
70 setenta
73 setenta y tres
77 setenta y siete
80 ochenta
84 ochenta y cuatro
88 ochenta y ocho
90 noventa
99 noventa y nueve
100 cien
Tener + noun for physical conditions
There are a number of idiomatic expressions that combine forms of tener with certain nouns to express some physical conditions of people; these are expressed with “to be” in English, so you’ll have to pay close attention to remembering the Spanish way of saying them.
- Tener calor = to be/feel hot (literally, “to have heat”)
- Tener frío = to be/feel cold
- Tener hambre = to be hungry
- Tener miedo = to be afraid
- Tener prisa = to be in a hurry
- Tener sed = to be thirsty
- Tener vergüenza = to be embarrassed
- Tener ganas de = to be in the mood for
- Tener sueño = to be sleepy
- Tener suerte = to have luck, be fortunate
- tener # años = to be # years old
- tener que + (verbo) = to have to do something
Verbs ending in -ar
- ayudar (to help)
- bailar (to dance)
- buscar (to look for)
- caminar (to walk)
- cantar (to sing)
- cocinar (to cook)
- comprar (to buy)
- descansar (to rest)
- desear (to wish)
- enseñar (to teach)
- escuchar (to listen)
- esquiar (to ski)
- estudiar (to study)
- ganar (to win)
- hablar (to talk)
- llamar (to call)
- llegar (to arrive)
- mandar (to send)
- mirar (to look at)
- nadar (to swim)
- necesitar (to need)
- practicar (to practice)
- preguntar (to ask)
- regresar (to return)
- tomar (to take)
- trabajar (to work)
- usar (to use)
- viajar (to travel)
Common regular "-er", "-ir" verbs
| -er verbs | -ir verbs |
|---|---|
| aprender (a) - to learn | abrir - to open |
| barrer - to sweep | asistir (a) - to attend (a place/event) |
| beber - to drink | compartir - to share |
| comer - to eat | consumir - to consume |
| comprender - to understand | decidir - to decide |
| correr - to run | definir - to define |
| creer - to believe (in) | describir - to describe |
| deber - should | escribir - to write |
| leer - to read | insistir - to insist |
| meter - to put in; to insert | permitir - to allow |
| prender - to catch; to turn on | persistir - to persist |
| romper - to break | prohibir - to prohibit; to forbid |
| temer - to fear; to dread | recibir - to receive |
| vender - to sell | vivir - to live |
Conjugation
Regular verbs ending in –AR are conjugated in the present tense by removing the -AR infinitive ending and adding one of the following personal endings:
| Regular -ar Verbs | ||
|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |
| First | (yo) -o | (nosotros) -amos |
| Second | (tú) -as | (vosotros) -áis * |
| Third | (él / ella / usted) -a | (ellos / ellas / ustedes) -an |
* Note: This second-person plural form (vosotros) is only used in the variety of Spanish used in Spain. In other Spanish dialects the third person plural form (ustedes) is used in both formal and informal plural direct-address situations.
Hablar :
| (yo) hablo | (nosotros) hablamos |
| (tú) hablas | (vosotros) habláis* |
| (él / ella / usted) habla | (ellos / ellas / ustedes) hablan |
Basic sentence structure: statements
The basic structure of simple sentences in Spanish is the same as in English: subject – verb – object.
Basic sentence structure: yes-no questions
Either they have the same word order as a simple sentence and are spoken with a rising intonation instead of falling, or the verb and subject are reversed (verb – subject – object).
Note that Spanish does NOT use an auxiliary or helping verb like English (do/does).
- ¿Estudiamos el español? (Do we study / are we studying Spanish?)
Basic sentence structure: negation
Answering affirmatively: say “sí” (yes) and state your answer.
- Sí, estudiamos el español.
Answering negatively: put the word “no” before the verb (subject – no – verb – object). The Spanish word “no” means both “no” and “not”.
- No estudiamos el francés. (We do not study French.)
Modal verbs
Some verbs can have another verb as their object; these are called modal verbs. The same person needs to be doing both actions, and the second verb is *not* conjugated.
- Deseo estudiar un idioma de cada continente. (I want to study one language from each continent.)
Telling time
Time is constructed using the following structure:
Es la / Son las + (hora) + y / menos + (minutos) + de la mañana / de la tarde / de la noche
¿Qué hora es?
5:00 →
Son las cinco en punto. (It’s five o’clock sharp / on the dot.)
3:15 →
Son las tres y cuarto. (It’s a quarter past three. – i.e. three-fifteen.)
4:30 →
Son las cuatro y media. (It’s half past four. – i.e. four-thirty.)
1:40 →
Son las dos menos veinte.*(It’s twenty to/of two. – i.e. one-forty.)
6:50 →
Son diez para las siete.* (It’s ten to seven.—more common in Latin America)
1:00 →
Es la una.** (It’s one o’clock.)
12:00 am →
Es medianoche / Es la medianoche. (It’s midnight.)
12:00 pm →
Es mediodía / Es el mediodía. (It’s noon / midday.)
* Note that once the time passes the 30-minute mark, we generally go up to the next hour and subtract the number of minutes before that hour.
** Son means “they are”, so son las… only works for numbers greater than one. To say “it’s one o’clock”, you have to say Es la una. (or Es la una en punto.)
Contributors and Attributions
- Putting It Together: u00bfQuu00e9 clases tomas?. Authored by: Lumen Learning. License: CC BY: Attribution