11.3: Gramática- Un uso del subjuntivo; Las conjugaciones del subjuntivo
- Page ID
- 163841
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- The verb in bold is in the present indicative. These are the conjugations you learned first upon beginning your study of Spanish. It is used to give information. You maight want to think of it as being used to indicate how we see reality, or how we want others to think we see reality.
The subjunctive is used to refer to things that don´t necessarily refer to reality or to put emphasis on something other than our communication of that reality.
- Yo quiero que Miguel estudie más. (Here, the reality is not that Miguel studies more. It is just my desire that that happen.) Note that the verb that expresses that I have a desire is conjugated in the indicative. The fact that I desire this is reality. The verb that represents what I desire is conjugated in the subjunctive. I don´t know if that will happen or not.
Las conjugaciones del subjuntivo
| hablar | comer | escribir |
| hable | hablemos | coma | comamos | escriba | escribamos |
| hables | (habléis) | comas | (comáis) | escribas | (escribáis) |
| hable | hable | coma | coma | escriba | escriban |
Note that in comparison to the indicative (the present tense you have already learned) the vowel of the ending flips from¨a¨ to ¨e¨ and from ¨e¨ to ¨a.¨
Where did you see this before? Remember that we did the same thing for the imperative (command forms) for Usted, ustedes, and nosotros. We have not learned tú commands yet because positive tú commands are different. We will learn them later on in this lesson.
For the subjunctive, the yo conjugation is the same as the él/ella/usted conjugation.
–ar and –er stem changing verbs show the same stem changes as in the indicative. –ir stem changing verbs show an additional stem change in the nosotros and vosotros forms. o>u or e>i
If a verb is irregular in the yo conjugation of the present indicative, it keeps that irregularity in all of the present tense subjunctive conjugations.
| poder | dormir | divertir | pedir |
| pueda | podamos | duerma | durmamos | divierta | divirtamos | pida | pidamos |
| puedas | (podáis) | duermas | (durmáis) | diviertas | (divirtáis) | pidas | (pidáis) |
| pueda | puedan | duerma | duerman | divierta | diviertan | pida | pidan |
| tener | poner | salir | venir |
| tenga | tengamos | ponga | pongamos | salga | salgamos | venga | vengamos |
| tengas | (tengáis) | pongas | (pongáis) | salgas | (salgáis) | vengas | (vengáis) |
| tenga | tengan | ponga | pongan | salga | salgan | venga | vengan |
Here are some other irregular verbs in the present subjunctive that you will just have to memorize.
| ir | haber |
| vaya | vayamos | haya | hayamos |
| vayas | (vayáis) | hayas | (hayáis) |
| vaya | vayan | haya | haya |
Más información y práctica:
studyspanish:
- Subjunctive I: Introduction (This is a lot more information than you need right now. However, you may want to look over it. Then you will have a general idea, but can just focus on one point at a time afterwards. Don´t worry if it seems like a lot at first. There are semester long courses taught just over the subjunctive. We are just working on some of it this semester).
- Subjunctive II: Conjugating regular and stem-changing verbs
- Subjunctive III: Verbs that change orthographically
Spanish. Language & Culture
Please see studyspanish.com for the conjugations of irregular verbs in the subjunctive