9.7: Verbos que cambian de raíz

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gramática: verbos que cambian de raíz (stem changing verbs)

una comparación - presente / pretérito

jugar (to play) - presente

jugar - pretérito

juego	jugamos	jugué	jugamos
juegas	(jugáis)	jugaste	(jugasteis)
juega	juegan	jugó	jugaron

Note that -ar verbs do not stem change in the preterit.

volver (to return) - presente

volver - pretérito

vuelvo	volvemos	volví	volvimos
vuelves	(volvéis)	volviste	(volvisteis)
vuelve	vuelven	volvió	volviernon

Note that -er verbs do not stem change in the preterit.

dormir (to sleep) - presente

dormir - pretérito

duermo	dormimos	dormí	dormimos
duermes	(dormís)	dormiste	(dormisteis)
duerme	duermen	durmió	durmieron

Note that -ir verbs do stem change in the preterit, but only in the él / ella / Usted and ellos / ellas / ustedes conjugations and instead of changing o--> ue they change o-->u.

divertirse (to have fun) - presente

divertirse - pretérito

me divierto	nos divertimos	me divertí	nos divertimos
te diviertes	(os divertís)	te divertiste	(os divertís)
se divierte	se divierten	se divirtió	se divirtieron

Note that -ir verbs do stem change in the preterit, but only in the él / ella / Usted and ellos / ellas / ustedes conjugations and instead of changing e--> ie they change e-->i.

pedir (to ask for or to order (food)) - presente

pedir - pretérito

pido	pedimos	pedí	pedimos
pides	(pedís)	pediste	(pedisteis)
pide	piden	pidió	pidieron

Note that -ir verbs do stem change in the preterit, but only in the él / ella / Usted and ellos / ellas / ustedes conjugations. When they change e-->i in the present, they also change e-->i in the preterit.

Verbos con cambios ortográficos - Verbs with spell changes

apagar - to turn off

apagué apagamos

apagaste (apagasteis)

apagó apagaron

Why is the ¨u¨ added in the yo conjugation? What would the pronunciation be if it were not added? You can either remember that the ¨u¨ is added in the yo conjugation for verbs that end in -gar, or you can remember that the pronunciation of the ¨g¨ needs to stay the same as in the infinitive, and spell accordingly.

tocar - to touch, to play

toqué tocamos

tocaste (tocasteis)

tocó tocaron

Why does the ¨c¨ change to a ¨qu¨ in the yo conjugation? What would the pronunciation be if that change were not made? You can either remember that this spell change happens in the yo conjugation of the preterite for verbs that end in -car, or you can remember that the pronunciation of the ¨c¨ needs to stay the same as in the infinitive, and spell accordingly.

almorzar - to eat lunch

almorcé almorzamos

almorzaste (almorzasteis)

almorzó almorzaron

This spell change isn´t as easy to remember based on pronunciation rules. You may just want to remember that for words that end in -zar, the ¨z¨ changes to a ¨c¨ in the ¨yo¨ conjugation. As far as general spelling / pronunciation goes, the ¨ze¨ and ¨zi¨ combinations are not commonly used. The ¨ce¨ and ¨ci¨ are used instead. So, we have: za, ce, ci, zo, zu

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