3.6: Apostrophe “S” (‘s) in Urdu
- Page ID
- 187506
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)Instructor Video: Apostrophe “S” in Urdu
In Urdu, genitive case/apostrophe “s” (‘s) is expressed by a post-position کا (kaa). In English, we can say “car of Imran” or “Imran’s car”, which mean the same thing. In Urdu, phrases like “car of Imran” are not possible. Hence, phrases like “Imran’s car” is used to express both kinds of phrases.
The postposition کا (kaa) comes after nouns/pronouns, and it changes them from nouns to adjectives. کا also changes its form according to number and gender of the following noun.
For examples:
- Imran’s home/home of Ram (m.) عمران کا گھر
- Imran’s car/car of Ram (f.) عمران کی گاڑی
- Imran’s friends/friends of Ram (plu.) عمران کے دوست
- Ruh’s room/room of Sita (m.) روح کا کمرہ
- Ruh’s book/book of Sita (f.) روح کی کتاب
- Ruh’s children/children of Sita (plu.) روح کے بچچے
When کا comes after a noun/pronoun then that noun/pronoun changes in oblique case (see chapter 4 for oblique case in details).
For example:
- boy’s brother/brother of a boy (m.) لڑکے کے بھائی
- boy’s sister/sister of a boy (f.) لڑکے کی بھائی
- boy’s clothes/clothes for a boy (plu.) لڑکے کے کپڑے
- room’s door/door to a room (m.) کمرے کے دروازے
- room’s window/window of a room (f.) کیمرے کی کھڑکی
- room’s curtains/curtains in the room (plu.) کمرے کے پردے
Note: In above examples, لڑکے and کمرے are in oblique form. They are not in the plural form, although the oblique and plural form of لڑکا and کمرہ look alike.
Activity
Please fill in the blanks with the correct form of کا .
| English | Noun | کا/کی/کے | Noun |
|
room’s curtains |
(m. plu.) پرده |
کمرہ |
|
|
room’s door |
(m. sing.) دروازھ |
کمرے |
|
|
room’s windows |
(f. plu.) کھڑکی |
کمرے |
|
|
Baba’s brother |
(m. sing.) بھی |
بابا |
|
|
Baba’s sister |
(f. sing.) بہن |
بابا |
|
|
Baba’s father |
(m. sing./hon) ابو |
بابا |
|
|
Baba’s toys |
(m. plu.) کھلونا |
بابا |
|
|
Salma’s husband |
(m. sing./hon) شوہر |
سلمہ |
|
|
Salma’s mother-in-law |
(f. sing.) ساس |
سلمہ |
|
|
Salma’s sisters-in-law |
(f. plu.) نندے |
سلمہ |
|
|
Salma’s children |
(m. plu.) بچّے |
سلمہ |
|
| Salma’s father-in-law | (m. sing./hon) سسُر |
سلمہ |
Pronouns with کا/کی/کے
Possessive pronouns/adjectives are formed by adding کا/کی/کے with personal pronouns. These pronouns change in oblique forms as shown in the table below.
Table: List of possessive pronouns/adjective
| English | Urdu | کا/کی/کے + | Urdu | English |
|
My |
میرے /میری /میرا |
کا/کی/کے + |
میں |
I |
|
Our |
ہمارا/ہمارا/ہمارا |
کا/کی/کے + |
ہم |
We |
|
Your |
آپ کا / آپ کا / آپ کا |
کا/کی/کے + |
تو |
You |
|
Your |
آپ کا / آپ کا / آپ کا |
کا/کی/کے + |
تم |
You |
|
Your |
آپ کا / آپ کا / آپ کا |
کا/کی/کے + |
تم |
You |
|
His/her |
اس کا/اس کا/اس کا |
کا/کی/کے + |
یہ |
S/he (near) |
|
His/her |
اس کا/اس کا/اس کا |
کا/کی/کے + |
وہ |
S/he (far) |
|
Their |
ان کا/ان کا/ان کا |
کا/کی/کے + |
یہ |
They (near) |
|
Their |
اس کا/ان کا |
کا/کی/کے + |
وہ |
They (far) |
|
Whose |
کس کا / کس کا / کس کا |
کا/کی/کے + |
کون |
Who (Singular) |
| Whose |
کنکا/کنکی/جس کا |
کا/کی/کے + |
کیں |
Who (plural) |
Test Yourself
An interactive H5P element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here:
https://openbooks.lib.msu.edu/urdu/?p=68#h5p-32
!شکریہ