10.5: Matumizi ya Lugha

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Sarufi: Kirejeshi Kisicho Tensi

The tenseless relative construction refers to actions taking place in the general or ‘universal’ present, i.e. the present expressed by the tenses -a- and hu-. It is often used in proverbs.

kisiwa kijulikanacho

known island/island that’s known (3)

mtu awezaye kuendesha shule vizuri (80)

someone able to (who can) run a school well

kazi wafanyazo

activities (which) they do (57)

mwezi ujao

month which is coming/next month

swali lifuatalo

the following question

kisiwa kisichojulikana

unknown island/island which isn’t known

mtu asiyeweza …

someone unable/who can’t…

kazi wasizofanya

activities (which) they don’t do

mwezi usiokuja

month which isn’t coming

swali lisilofuata
the question which doesn’t follow

Methali:

Ajuaye ni Mungu.
The one who knows is God. (Only God has true knowledge.)

Mtoto umleavyo ndiyo akuavyo.
How you raise a child, that’s how s/he’ll grow.

Zoezi la kwanza. BADILISHA TENSI.

Tafsiri sentensi zifuatazo. Badilisha tensi na kutumia sarufi mpya, yaani Virejeshi Visivyo Tensi.

1          Mtu anayesoma madarasa mengi ni msomi.
2          Simba anayejulikana si mkali.
3          Lugha zinazofundishwa kwa kawaida ni Kixhosa na Kikikuyu.
4          Watu wanaoandika riwaya ni waandishi.
5          Dini inayotawala Unguja ni Islam.
6          Juma linalokuja litakuwa refu.
7          Wiki inayokuja haitakuwa rahisi.

Zoezi la pili. TAFSIRI METHALI.

1          Kila apigaye (hodi) mlango hupata majibu.
2          Yote yang’aayo usidhani ni dhahabu. (ng’aa=shine, glitter)
3          Kikulacho ki nguoni mwako. (ki=kimo)
4          Asiyeuliza hanalo ajifunzalo.
5          Amnyimaye punda adesi, kampunguzia mashuzi. (nyima=deny, adesi
9/10=lentil, shuzi 5/6=fart)
6          Aisifuye mvua, imemnyea. (sifu = praise, nya = excrete; rain)

Zoezi la tatu. MAELEZO YA METHALI.

Andika insha inayoeleza maana ya methali moja. Utapata methali nyingi kwenye mtandao:
http://www.glcom.com/hassan/kanga.html.
http://web.ionsys.com/~mourad/methali.htm
Kanga Gallery
http://www.swahilionline.com/language/proverbs/provrbs.htm