9.34: Putting It Together: ¿Cómo eres? ¿Cómo estás?
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- 50293
Click on each link below for a review summary to help you complete the assignments and prepare for the quiz to demonstrate your mastery of the objectives.
[reveal-answer q=”645094″]Identify adjectives of condition and emotion[/reveal-answer]
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Algunas respuestas
¡Felicitaciones! (Congratulations!)- ¡Qué bien! (That’s great!)
- ¿De veras? ¿Qué pasa? (Really? What’s going on?)
- Lo siento. (I’m sorry.)
- Oh, ¡qué horror! (Oh, that’s terrible!)
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[reveal-answer q=”29694″]Use “estar” with adjectives to describe conditions and emotions[/reveal-answer]
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Estar is used with descriptive adjectives to talk about emotional conditions and states of being.
- Ana está muy contenta y tranquila. (Ana is very happy and calm.)
When trying to decide between ser and estar, ask yourself: is this a characteristic of the person/thing (use ser), or is it a condition or state (use estar)? For this reason, emotions usually go with estar, while personality traits go with ser.
Adjetivos usados con ser y estar
With some adjectives, the meaning changes depending on whether you are trying to describe a characteristic or a condition. For instance: Él es aburrido (he is boring [quality or characteristic]) vs. Él está aburrido (he is bored [state or condition]).
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[reveal-answer q=”261892″]Use the present progressive to talk about actions ongoing in the present moment[/reveal-answer]
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The present progressive is formed as follows: Subject Pronoun + estar (conjugated) + gerund
In Spanish, the ending of the gerund depends on the kind of verb:
- for -ar verbs: drop the “r” and add -ndo –> -ando
- for -er and -ir verbs: drop the “-er” or “-ir” and add -iendo
- Stem-changing -ir verbs (not -ar or -er verbs!) change their stem vowels as follows: o>u, e>i and e>i.
- The gerund of the verb ir is irregular: yendo.
Ejemplos:
- -ar verb:
- Tomar — tomando (taking)
- Cantar — cantando (singing)
- -er verb:
- Beber— bebiendo (drinking)
- -ir verb:
- Escribir— escribiendo (writing)
- stem-changing -ir verbs:
- Dormir— durmiendo (sleeping)
- Preferir-– prefiriendo (preferring)
- Servir– sirviendo (serving)
| singular | plural | |
| 1a | yo estoy escribiendo | nosotros estamos escribiendo |
| 2a | tú estás escribiendo | vosotros estáis escribiendo |
| 3a | él/ella/usted está escribiendo | ellos/ellas/ustedes están escribiendo |
Note: To form a negative sentence in the present progressive, place the no in front of the form of estar: No estoy escribiendo.
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[reveal-answer q=”557618″]Review and practice use of all question-words[/reveal-answer]
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| Palabra para preguntar ¡Atención a la acentuación! | Question word |
| ¿Qué? | What? |
| ¿Cuál?/ ¿Cuáles? | Which one/ones? |
| ¿Cómo? | How? |
| ¿Dónde? | Where? |
| ¿De dónde? | From where? |
| ¿A dónde? | To where? |
| ¿Quién? ¿Quiénes? | Who? |
| ¿Cuándo? | When? |
| ¿Cuánto? ¿Cuánta? ¿Cuántos?¿Cuántas? | How many? |
| ¿Por qué? | Why? |
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[reveal-answer q=”677842″]Identify verbs and nouns related to pastimes, sports and other activities[/reveal-answer]
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Los pasatiempos
Los deportes
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[reveal-answer q=”585924″]Distinguish the different ways to say “to be” in Spanish[/reveal-answer]
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You have been using various verbs in Spanish where in English only “to be” is used. Let’s review and contrast:
| construcción | ejemplo | en inglés | explicación |
| ser + adjetivo | El clima en Sevilla en julio es insoportable. | The climate in Seville in July is unbearable. | permanent or essential characteristics |
| estar + adjetivo | El café en mi taza está caliente. | The coffee in my cup is hot. | temporary or relative characteristics |
| hay (haber) + adjetivo | Hay humedad en el ambiente. | There is humidity in the environment. | existence |
| hace + sustantivo | Hace calor. | It is hot. | weather |
| tener + sustantivo | Tengo calor. Tiene calor. | I am hot. She/he is hot/ You are hot. | physical conditions of a person |
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[reveal-answer q=”484228″]Understand and use verbs that have irregularities in the “yo” form”[/reveal-answer]
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| Tener (to have) Stem changer | Hacer (to make/to do) Regular in the present | Salir (to leave, to go out) Regular in the present | Traer (to bring) Regular in the present | Venir (to come) Stem changer | Valer (to be worth) Regular in the present | Poner (to put) Regular in the present | Seguir (to follow) Stem changer | Decir (to say, to tell) Stem changer |
| tengo | hago | salgo | traigo | vengo | valgo | pongo | sigo | digo |
| tienes | haces | sales | traes | vienes | vales | pones | sigues | dices |
| tiene | hace | sale | trae | viene | vale | pone | sigue | dice |
| tenemos | hacemos | salimos | traemos | venimos | valemos | ponemos | seguimos | decimos |
| tenéis | hacéis | salís | traéis | venís | valéis | ponéis | seguís | decís |
| tienen | hacen | salen | traen | vienen | valen | ponen | siguen | dicen |
| Oír (to hear) Irregular, “y” in some forms because of three vowels together: “i” in the middle becomes a “y” sound, and an accent mark is needed at other times to separate the weak and strong vowels. | Ver (to see) Regular, but note that accent mark is not needed for vosotros form, since it is one syllable. | Dar (to give) Regular, but note that accent mark is not needed for vosotros form, since it is one syllable. |
| oigo | veo | doy |
| oyes | ves | das |
| oye | ve | da |
| oímos | vemos | damos |
| oís | veis | dais |
| oyen | ven | dan |
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[reveal-answer q=”592598″]Learn about some important pastimes and sports in the Hispanic world[/reveal-answer]
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Please see the Cultura section in the Study Plan for these activities.
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