5.6: Aprendamos los adjetivos demostrativos
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- 202987
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)A demostrative adjective is a word used to point out a noun: This map is blue!
In English, the demonstrative adjectives are this and that in the singular and these and those in the plural They agree in number with the noun that they modify. This and these refer to people or objects near the speaker. That and those refer to people or objects away from the speaker.
A little rhyme to help you remember the demonstrative adjectives spelling is “this and these have “t”s; that and those don’t.”
In Spanish, the demonstrative adjectives, as all adjectives, need to agree in number and gender with the noun that they modify. The peculiarity is that there are three sets of demonstrative adjectives:
| Singular | Masculino | Femenino | Plural | Masculino | Femenino |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| this | este | eata | these | estos | estas |
| that | ese | esa | those | esos | esas |
| that (way over there) | aquel | aquella | those (way over there) | aquellos | aquellas |
Since English does not have this third set of demonstrative adjectives, there is no good translation for them. Sometimes you will find “over there” or “way over there” to imply the distance.
Escribe el adjetivo demostrativo correspondiente a cada uno de los objetos que se te dan. Pon atención a la concordancia en género y número. Imagina que cada objeto se encuentra a la distancia en que se encuentra la estrella. Sigue los siguientes ejemplos:
| La estrella | Esta estrella | Esa estrella | Aquella estrella |
| El autobús | Este | Ese | Aquel |
| El pasaporte | |||
| Los boletos de avión | |||
| Los pasajes | |||
| Las maletas | |||
| Las habitaciones | |||
| El barco | |||
| Las lanchas | |||
| Los trámites | |||
| La azafata | |||
| El tripulante | |||
| La pasajera |
Vamos a utilizar los adjetivos demostrativos este, ese y aquel como neutros y los utilizamos cuando hablamos de conceptos abstractos. Por ejemplo:
¿Te gustaría visitar el lago Titicaca? Would you like to visit Lake Titicaca?
¿El lago Titicaca? ¿Dónde está eso? Titicaca Lake? Where is that?
El lago Titicaca está entre Bolivia y Perú, es el lago navegable más alto del mundo.
¿Te gustaría comer ceviche? Would you like to eat ceviche?
¿Ceviche? ¿Qué es eso? Ceviche? What is that?
El ceviche es un plato peruano a base de pescado cocido con el jugo de limón.
Para la próxima clase investiga 5 datos curiosos sobre Bolivia, escribe las preguntas y las respuestas como los ejemplos que acabas de leer. Entrega la tarea al principio de la clase.