2.12: Dando opiniones de las acciones de los demás
- Page ID
- 202349
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)In Spanish, we can ask someone to do something very directly, using commands, or in a very polite way, using the subjunctive. The commands are the imperative mood which we will study in the following unit. For now we will study the Spanish polite form to give opinions. Often times impersonal expressions, expresiones impersonales, are the way to give advice, suggestions or recommendations in a very polite way in Spanish.
| Es importante que … | It’s important that… | Es importante que comas bien todos los días. |
| Es necesario que… | It’s necessary that … | Es necesario que hablemos varios idiomas. |
| Es aconsejable que… | It’s advisable that … | Es aconsejable que seas bilingüe. |
| Es preferible que … | It’s preferable that … | Es preferible que estudies para sacar buenas notas. |
| Es recomendable que … | It’s recommended that… | Es recomendable que practiques tu español. |
Here is a list of a few common impersonal expressions that trigger the use of the subjunctive. It is important that you learn these expressions. As usual, we recommend the use of flash cards, an easy tactic to review and practice the acquisition of new vocabulary.
Analicemos unas oraciones—let’s analyze a few sentences. Identify if the sentences are in the subjunctive or indicative present tense by writing an “S” or “I” next to the sentence. Remember to look for the elements in a subjunctive sentence and the triggers. A trigger may be in the sentence, but if the other elements are not in the sentence such as two subjects and que, it will be an indicative sentence.
- ________ Yo quiero que tú tomes apuntes.
- ________ Mi padre desea que yo vaya a la universidad.
- ________ Es importante estudiar.
- ________ Es recomendable que los estudiantes miren los videos y practiquen mucho.
- ________ ¿Qué quieres que yo haga?
- ________ El chico va a salir con la chica.
- ________ Es preferible que nosotros visitemos los palacios, los museos y las plazas.
- ________ Mi amiga necesita escuchar a su médico y ella tiene que tomar la medicina.
- _______ Ella desea que los niños limpien su recámara.
- _______Nosotros preferimos ir al cine.
To summarize, the ability to communicate in the subjunctive mood allows you to request or suggest that someone or something do or not do some action. The subjunctive mood offers opportunities to recommend, give advice and opinions on outcomes for which we have no control.
Escribe las respuestas en el presente del subjuntivo:
- Alexa quiere que yo ______________ (tener) un vestido azul para su boda.
- Su novio espera que ella ____________ (llevar) un vestido blanco para su boda.
- Yo deseo que ellos _____________ (vivir) felices para siempre.
- Mis amigos esperan que nuestros padres no ___________(venir) a casa durante la fiesta.
- El dependiente necesita que el hombre _____________ (pagar) por todos.
- La madre de la novia quiere que el dependiente ___________ (hacer) los cambios a los trajes a tiempo para la boda.
- Es necesario que los vestidos, trajes y zapatos ________________ (llegar) antes del 16 de mayo.
- Es importante que los novios ________________(disfrutar) su día.
- Yo no quiero que ellos ______________ (servir) alcohol en la fiesta.
- Espero que ____________(ser) aceptable llevar una falda y una blusa formal a la cena.
Notice a pattern to the examples above. There were essentially two parts to the sentences.
What tense and mood do you notice before the “que”? _________________________________________
Subjuntivo vs. Indicativo: José Luis is talking about his new apartment to his mom and she is giving him some advice and recommendations. Put the verb in parenthesis in its correct form. Pay attention to the mood of the sentence (indicative or subjunctive). Perhaps the verb should stay in the infinitive form such as in the cases where there are two verbs together. In all cases below we are using the present tense (the only tense that we have studied for the two moods).
Mi querido José Luis:
Es bueno que tu nuevo apartamento ____________________(estar) cerca (near) la universidad. Así ____________(poder) caminar a tus clases. Espero que ___________(tener) dos cuartos para tener un compañero y ____________(poder) compartir (share) la renta. Es importante que _____________(tener) ventanas grandes para tener luz (light). Espero que no _____________(ser) muy grande (big) y que no ________(tener) que limpiar mucho (clean).
Es importante que _____________ (tomar) una foto. Quiero que tú me _______________ (decir) si necesitas alguna (some) lámpara o algún sillón. Yo ___________(poder) prestarte algunos. ¡Te tengo que ____________(visitar) muy pronto!
Un abrazo muy grande:
Tu mamá que tanto te quiere*
*In the Spanish-speaking culture the relations between the members of the family stay very close.
You’ve just read about what one might want or need in an apartment at the university. Now you will learn expressions to help you shop for clothing that you might need at your new school.
Estudiemos nuevo vocabulario: ¡Verbos!
| Escoger | To choose |
| Mostrar | To show |
| Contener | To contain |
| Traer | To bring |
| Coser | To sew |
| Arreglar/reparar | To fix/repair |
| Ir de compras | To go shopping |
| Quedarle bien/mal | To fit well/poorly |
| Llevar | To wear; to take; to carry |
| Prestar | To loan; to lend |
| Vestir(se) | To dress |
| Desvestir(se) | To undress |
| Poner(se) | To put/to put on |
As a review of the clothing vocabulary and the concepts we have studied to date, access the Spain versions of Corte Inglés o Zara for their clothing sites. You will work with a representative of the store to provide you with as many outfits as possible within your budget. Write a brief dialogue between you and the clerk that includes at least 10 different exchanges per person in which you apply the concepts studied along with various clothing related vocabulary. Remember to include descriptions of the clothes within your dialogue. Include his/her wants, needs, suggestions, recommendations and opinions along with your own questions/comments to ensure to include the 10 examples of correct statements using the present subjunctive within your dialogue. Stretch yourself to include questions to which you reply with the object pronouns. This will be at least 20 statements (10 exchanges each person.) Type this assignment in 12 size font and double spaced. You will also submit a budget as follows.
Presta atención --> Tienes 1.000 (mil) euros para llenar tu armario con ropa nueva.
Al fin del diálogo, escribe lo que vas a comprar y el precio en números y palabras.
Ejemplo: Dependiente: Muy buenos días. ¿En qué puedo servirle, señora?
Cliente: Muy buenos días. Por favor, ¿me muestra los vestidos formales?
After a few lines of conversation…
Dependiente: Este vestido rosado cuesta doscientos cuarenta y nueve euros.
Cliente: Quiero probármelo.
Escribe el diálogo en un papel separado y tráelo a clase para entregar al comienzo de la clase. Follow the budget guideline below. Make sure to attach your budget to your dialogue.
El presupuesto—the budget. Comienza con mil euros (1.000), escribe la ropa y el costo en palabras y números para determinar si te queda dinero en tu presupuesto. Intenta gastar todo el dinero y no sobre-gastes. (You will have more lines on the budget that you submit with your homework. Below is an example.)
| La ropa | El costo (en palabras) | El costo (en números) | El presupuesto |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comienzo (dinero con el que cuentas) | XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX | XXXXXXX | 1.000 |
| El vestido rosado | Doscientos cuarenta y nueve | 249 | 751 |
Did you notice how in Europe one divides the digits? ______________________________
¿Cómo expresas mil euros en el continente americano? ____________________________