4.13: Evitando la redundancia por el uso de los pronombres de objeto directo e indirecto
- Page ID
- 206151
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)In all languages redundancy is not very accepted. When writing or speaking you should avoid redundancy. Languages have so many words that you can express similar thoughts using different words. This simple tactic will help you make your speech or your writing more pleasing.
In Spanish, as in English, writers frequently use pronouns to avoid redundancies using subject pronouns, direct object pronouns, indirect object pronouns and reflexive pronouns. As you recall the direct, indirect and reflexive pronouns only change in the third person.
| Persona | Pronombres personales | Pronombres de objeto indirecto | Pronombres de objeto directo | Pronombres reflexivos |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1era del singular | yo | me | me | me |
| 2da del singular | tú | te | te | te |
| 3era del singular | él, ella, usted | le (se) | lo / la | se |
| 1era del plural | nosotros/as | nos | nos | nos |
| 2da del plural | vosotros/as | os | os | os |
| 3era del plural | ellos,ellas,ustedes | les (se) | los / las | se |
The big difference between the three pronoun types is:
The direct object pronouns identify gender and number:
María escribe una carta.à María la escribe. à una carta: singular, femenino à la
María escribe unos emails. à María los escribe. à unos emails:plural, masculino àlos
The indirect object pronouns identify only number:
María canta a su mamá.à María le canta. àa su mamá: singularàle
María canta a sus hermanos.à María les canta. àa sus hermanos:pluralàles
The reflexive pronouns donot identify anything (no gender, no number), except that the subject receives the action or does the action to itself:
Laura se ve , Paco se cepilla, Lupita se baña.
Remember the following rules:
Position
Before the conjugated verb or attached to the infinitive or gerund (if it exists):
Ella se baña.
Ella setiene que bañar.
Ella tiene que bañarse.
NEVER:
Ella tiene se que bañar.
Ella tiene que se bañar.
Two pronouns
When we use two pronouns we always use first the indirect object pronoun and then the direct object pronoun.
José me lo debe deregalar. ß Indirect + Direct
José debe deregalármelo. ß Indirect + Direct
NEVER separate them:
José me debe de regalarlo . ß Keep the Indirect+Direct pronouns together.
NEVER lelo, lelos, lela, lelas:
Lelo, lelos, lela, lelas are words that can be interpreted as an insult: stunned, slow, or loony. Always change the indirect object pronoun “le” or “les” for “se” to avoid this situation when there is a direct object pronoun beginning with “L”.
Laura le la tiene que mandarà Laura se la tiene que mandar.
Laura tiene que mandárlelaà Laura tiene que mandársela.
Number of words
Before the conjugated verb each pronoun is a word.
When they are attached to the infinitive or gerund, it is only one word that also needs an orthographic stress: comérselo.
Él se lo estádando. ß 2 words àse lo
Él estádándoselo. ß 1 word + orthographic stress
NEVER:
Él selo está dando.
Él está dando se lo.
In the following paragraph the redundancy was not avoided. Write the paragraph again using the different pronouns to correct the redundancy:
La madrastra de Cenicienta (Cinderella), Lady Tremaine no es simpática con Cenicienta. Lady Tremaine tiene dos hijas llamadas Griselda y Anastasia. Griselda y Anastasia son muy feas y gritonas (screamers). Griselda y Anastasia no están bien educadas. Lady Tremaine les da a Griselda y a Anastasia todo. Griselda y Anastasia hacen la vida muy difícil para Cenicienta. Cenicienta está muy triste. Cenicienta trabaja todo el día y además Cenicienta tiene que servir a Anastasia y a Griselda. Cenicienta tiene que lavar la ropa de Anastasia y Griselda. Anastasia y Griselda son egoistas.
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The Spanish language has another peculiarity, because the conjugated verbs indicate the subject of the sentence in Spanish it is preferable to avoid the personal pronouns, except when we want to clarify or emphasize. In English it is the opposite. We need to indicate who the subject of the sentence is. In Spanish we know who the subject is by the conjugated verb. When we use the subject several times in the same paragraph, it can be interpreted as pretension.
Nosotras somos muy bonitas, nosotras somos elegantes, nosotras somos bellas, nosotras somos … nosotras… nosotras…
¡No queremos ser como las hermanastras de Cenicienta!
The follow conversation has too much repetition, please fix the conversation making it more natural in the space after each sentence.
Federico: ¿Piensas comprarle un regalo a tu hermano para su cumpleaños?
(Since this first sentence establishes the setting you don’t need to change anything.)
Laura: Sí, el sábado, pienso comprarle un regalo a mi hermano para su cumpleaños.
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Federico: Pero tu hermano está viviendo en Madrid ahora ¿verdad?
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Laura: Sí, mi hermano está viviendo en Madrid, yo pienso mandarle el regalo a mi hermano a Madrid.
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Federico: ¡Mandar el regalo a tu hermano a Madrid va a costarte mucho dinero a ti!
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Laura: ¡Yo sé, pero es una sorpresa que yo quiero darle a mi hermano.
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Federico: ¡Caray! Tú debes de querer mucho a tu hermano.
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Laura: Mi hermano es mi mejor amigo, yo quiero mucho a mi hermano.
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Federico: Entonces tú sabes qué regalo vas a comprarle a tu hermano.
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Laura: ¡Claro! Voy a comprarle a mi hermano una tarjeta de regalo del Corte Inglés.
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Federico: ¿Dónde vas a comprar la tarjeta de regalo del Corte Inglés?
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Laura: Yo voy a comprar la tarjeta del Corte Inglés por internet.
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Federico: Entonces… ¿tú no vas a mandarle un regalo a tu hermano desde Estados Unidos?
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Laura: ¡Claro que yo no voy a mandarle un regalo desde E.U.A.! ¡Yo no tengo tanto dinero!
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