4.10: Los pronombres de objeto directo (POD)
- Page ID
- 206148
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)After studying the video, we now know what a direct object pronoun is in English and in Spanish. Recognizing the direct object pronouns, now we realize how often we use them in English. With this concept clear we are able to analyze the function of the direct object in the sentence. The direct object indicates who or what receives the action. The direct object is the person or thing that is directly affected by the action of the verb. It is part of the predicate. It answers the question what or whom receives the action.
| Sentence: | Josefina | writes | a letter. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject: | Josefina | ||
| Predicate: | writes a letter | ||
| Core (conjugated verb): | writes | ||
| Complement (extra information): | |||
| Direct object (What does Josefina write?) | a letter | ||
In the following chart, you will see the personal pronouns , the indirect object pronouns (IOP) and the direct object pronouns (DOP) for each one of the grammatical persons. As you can see the IOP and DOP are the same except in the 3 rd person.
| Person | Personal Pronouns | Indirect Object Pronouns | Direct Object Pronouns |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1era singular | yo | me | me |
| 2da singular | tú | te | te |
| 3ra singular | él, ella, usted | le (se) | lo* / la |
| 1era plural | nosotros/as | nos | nos |
| 2da plural | vosotros/as | os | os |
| 3ra plural | ellos, ellas, ustedes | les (se) | los* / las |
The DOP identifies the gender of the direct object in the third person. That is the reason why we find two Direct Object Pronouns for the 3rd person singular: lo (masculine) or la (feminine) and two for the 3rd person plural: los (masculine) or las (feminine).
The difference between the Direct and the Indirect Object Pronouns is in the third person:
Direct Object Pronouns: Identify gender: “ lo or la” and number: “los or las”
Indirect Object Pronouns: identify only number: “le or les”
| Indirect Object Pronouns | Direct Object Pronouns |
|---|---|
| me | me |
| te | te |
| le | lo* / la |
| nos | nos |
| os | os |
| les | los* / las |
| Oración: | Josefina | escribe | una carta |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sujeto | Josefina | ||
| Predicado: | escribe una carta | ||
| Núcleo (verbo conjugado): | escribe | ||
| Complement (Información extra): | |||
| Objeto Directo:¿Que escribe Josefina? | una carta ß Gender: feminine | ||
Podemos usar el Pronombre de Objeto Directo: Josefina la escribe.
In this case, the gender of “carta” is feminine, but imagine that Josefina writes a book:
What is the gender of the word “libro”? _______________________.
Now re-write the sentence using the correct direct object pronoun that corresponds to “libro”: ______________________________
The following verbs in Spanish frequently take a direct object: The Direct Object Pronouns follow the same placement rules as the Indirect Object Pronouns, before the conjugated verb or attached to the verbal (el verboide en español.)
Josefina lotiene que escribir.
Josefina tiene que escribirlo.
Josefina lo está escribiendo.
Josefina está escribiéndolo.
Remember, why do we use the orthographic stress? Write the reason here:_____________________________________
The following verbs in Spanish can frequently take a direct object:
| Español | Inglés | Español | Inglés |
|---|---|---|---|
| amar | to love | odiar | to hate |
| ayudar | to help | querer | to want; to love |
| detestar | to detest | respetar | to respect |
| esperar | to wait for*
|
ver | to see |
| invitar | to invite | visitar | to visit |
| necesitar | to need | golpear | to hit |
*Esperar also can mean to hope, in that case we don’t need a DOP.
In conversations we frequently use direct object pronouns to avoid redundancy, as in the next examples:
Pedro: Hola Juan, ¿Está todo listo para la fiesta de tu hermano? ¿Tienes las invitaciones?
Juan: Sí, acabo de enviarlas
Pedro: ¿Sabes si Laura va a la fiesta?
Juan: No sé, la voy a invitar esta noche. La voy a ver en casa de mis padres.
Pedro: ¿Tienes el regalo para tu hermano?
Juan: Sí, lo tengo aquí.
Pedro: ¡Aquí está mi regalo! ¿Lo puedo poner con el tuyo?
Juan: ¡Claro!
Practiquemos los pronombres de objeto directo en el video 1.4.9. After you have viewed the video and understand the concept examine the following email sent by Miguel and Marimar to their friends Noah and Trevor. In this case Miguel and Marimar avoid redundancy by not using the subject pronouns, but they were not able to use Direct Object Pronouns. In purple you will find the Direct Objects, please apply the Direct Object Pronouns to avoid redundancy. Re-write the message in the lines below replacing the direct objects with the direct object pronouns.
A YouTube element has been excluded from this version of the text. You can view it online here: https://pb.libretexts.org/spanish1/?p=197
Queridos Noah y Trevor:
Estamos muy contentos en Panamá. Vimos el Canal de Panamá. Visitamos el Canal de Panamá por la tarde y es increíble. Esta obra impresionante une el océano Atlántico con el océano Pacífico es todo un símbolo de la ingeniería humana. Queremos sacar una foto del Canal de Panamá; Vamos a sacar la foto mañana. Vamos a enviar la foto a ustedes. Cuando ustedes vean la foto estamos seguros que van a venirnos a visitar en Panamá.
Un abrazo:
Marimar y Migue
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Practiquemos
Replace the direct object with the direct object pronouns when you rewrite the sentence.
¡Tienes una canción nueva en tu celular! ¿Puedo escuchar la canción nueva? La puedo escuchar o puedo escucharla_________________
¿Cuándo vas a pintar el baño de azul? Mañana voy a pintar el baño. ____________________________________
¿Dónde quieres poner el sofá? Quiero poner el sofá en la sala._________________________________
Tienes tu teléfono. ¿Puedo usar tuteléfono? ____________________________________
¡Hace frío! ¿Por qué no cierras la ventana? Quiero la ventana abierta. ______________________________________
¿Compras un microondas hoy? No, voy a comprar un microondas mañana. _______________________________________
¿Quieres una nueva televisión? ¡Claro que quiero unanueva televisión! _______________________________________
¡Amo* a mi novio! Amo tanto a mi novio que no puedo vivir sin él.______________________________________
*El verbo amar en español. In Spanish, we use the verb “amar” only with people: ¡Amoa mi novio! In English it is common to use the verb love with objects or concepts: I love Spanish! I love chocolate! In these cases in Spanish, we use the structures that work like gustar: ¡Me fascina el español!¡Me encanta el chocolate!
You studied how to use the indirect and the direct object pronouns separately. Let’s study how we can use the direct and the indirect object pronoun in the same sentence.