4.8: Los pronombres de objeto indirecto (POI)
- Page ID
- 206146
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\(\newcommand{\avec}{\mathbf a}\) \(\newcommand{\bvec}{\mathbf b}\) \(\newcommand{\cvec}{\mathbf c}\) \(\newcommand{\dvec}{\mathbf d}\) \(\newcommand{\dtil}{\widetilde{\mathbf d}}\) \(\newcommand{\evec}{\mathbf e}\) \(\newcommand{\fvec}{\mathbf f}\) \(\newcommand{\nvec}{\mathbf n}\) \(\newcommand{\pvec}{\mathbf p}\) \(\newcommand{\qvec}{\mathbf q}\) \(\newcommand{\svec}{\mathbf s}\) \(\newcommand{\tvec}{\mathbf t}\) \(\newcommand{\uvec}{\mathbf u}\) \(\newcommand{\vvec}{\mathbf v}\) \(\newcommand{\wvec}{\mathbf w}\) \(\newcommand{\xvec}{\mathbf x}\) \(\newcommand{\yvec}{\mathbf y}\) \(\newcommand{\zvec}{\mathbf z}\) \(\newcommand{\rvec}{\mathbf r}\) \(\newcommand{\mvec}{\mathbf m}\) \(\newcommand{\zerovec}{\mathbf 0}\) \(\newcommand{\onevec}{\mathbf 1}\) \(\newcommand{\real}{\mathbb R}\) \(\newcommand{\twovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\ctwovec}[2]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\threevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cthreevec}[3]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfourvec}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\fivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{r}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\cfivevec}[5]{\left[\begin{array}{c}#1 \\ #2 \\ #3 \\ #4 \\ #5 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\mattwo}[4]{\left[\begin{array}{rr}#1 \amp #2 \\ #3 \amp #4 \\ \end{array}\right]}\) \(\newcommand{\laspan}[1]{\text{Span}\{#1\}}\) \(\newcommand{\bcal}{\cal B}\) \(\newcommand{\ccal}{\cal C}\) \(\newcommand{\scal}{\cal S}\) \(\newcommand{\wcal}{\cal W}\) \(\newcommand{\ecal}{\cal E}\) \(\newcommand{\coords}[2]{\left\{#1\right\}_{#2}}\) \(\newcommand{\gray}[1]{\color{gray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\lgray}[1]{\color{lightgray}{#1}}\) \(\newcommand{\rank}{\operatorname{rank}}\) \(\newcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\col}{\text{Col}}\) \(\renewcommand{\row}{\text{Row}}\) \(\newcommand{\nul}{\text{Nul}}\) \(\newcommand{\var}{\text{Var}}\) \(\newcommand{\corr}{\text{corr}}\) \(\newcommand{\len}[1]{\left|#1\right|}\) \(\newcommand{\bbar}{\overline{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bhat}{\widehat{\bvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\bperp}{\bvec^\perp}\) \(\newcommand{\xhat}{\widehat{\xvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\vhat}{\widehat{\vvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\uhat}{\widehat{\uvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\what}{\widehat{\wvec}}\) \(\newcommand{\Sighat}{\widehat{\Sigma}}\) \(\newcommand{\lt}{<}\) \(\newcommand{\gt}{>}\) \(\newcommand{\amp}{&}\) \(\definecolor{fillinmathshade}{gray}{0.9}\)As you remember, the subject and the predicate are two parts of the sentence. The subject is who is doing the action. The predicate has the core: conjugated verb and the complement (extra information). An Indirect Object is part of the complement, it is extra information. The function of the Indirect Object is to indicate to whom or for whom an action is done. You have already learned the Indirect Object Pronouns with “La estructura gustar y verbos similares”. The Indirect Object Pronouns are not exclusive of this structure. We can find indirect objects in several situations, for example:
| Sentence: | Marie | reads | to her baby |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject: | Marie | ||
| Predicate: | reads to her baby | ||
| Core (conjugated verb): | reads | ||
| Complement (extra information): | to her baby | ||
| Indirect object (Marie reads to or for whom?): | to her baby | ||
| Indirect Object Pronouns | |
|---|---|
| Me (me) |
Nos (us) |
| Te (you, informal) |
Os (you all, informal)[Spain only] |
| Le (him, her, or you formal) |
Les (them or you all formal) |
The Indirect Object Pronoun precedes a conjugated verb or follows attached to the verboide (an infinitive or a gerund). The two options are correct.
María lelee àPOI before conjugated verb “lee”.
María letiene que leer àPOI before conjugated verb “tiene”.
María tiene que leerle àPOI attached to infinitive “leer”.
María le está leyendo àPOI before conjugated verb “está”.
Está leyendo is in present progressive.
María está leyéndoleàPOI attached to the gerund “leyendo”.
Está leyendo is in present progressive.
Are you wondering why there is a written accent mark (an orthographic accent)? à leyéndole. It is because the natural stress on the word leyendo is on the second “e”, since the word ends in a vowel (Review Unit 1.2: La acentuación en español). When we add the extra syllable “le”, we need to indicate where the natural stress was on the original word with el acento ortográficoà leyéndole.
Veamos otros ejemplos:
For each one of the following examples write the subject of the sentence (who is doing the action), the action (core of the predicate) and the Indirect Object (to whom or for whom the action is done).
Yo le canto una canción.
Sujeto:______________________________
Verbo:_______________________________
Objeto Indirecto: _____________________
Pronombre de objeto indirecto: ___________
Ella os enseña español.
Sujeto:______________________________
Verbo:_______________________________
Objeto Indirecto: _____________________
Pronombre de objeto indirecto: ___________
Juan les lee un cuento.
Sujeto:_____________________________
Verbo:______________________________
Objeto Indirecto:_____________________
Pronombre de objeto indirecto: __________
Geneseo nos prepara para ser bilingües.
Sujeto:_____________________________
Verbo:______________________________
Objeto Indirecto:_____________________
Pronombre de objeto indirecto: __________
Unfortunately the English verbs that require an indirect object pronoun, are not always the same in Spanish.
The following verbs are commonly used with indirect object pronouns (IOP).
| Español | Inglés | Español | Inglés |
|---|---|---|---|
| contar ( o-ue) | To tell | hablar | to speak |
| contestar | To answer | mandar | to send |
dar*
 |
To give | ofrecer | to offer |
| escribir | To write | pagar | to pay |
| explicar | To explain | preguntar | to ask a question |
| gritar | To shout, scream | regalar | to give a present |
*Dar irregular verb
Practiquemos
Write complete sentences using five of the verbs above with the different POI.
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An Indirect Object Pronoun (IOP) can be emphasized or clarified by using a phrase introduced by the preposition “a”, just as we studied with the structure “gustar”. As you remember, the emphasis or clarification is optional.
| For emphasis or clarification | IOP |
|---|---|
| a mí | me |
| a ti | te |
| a él, a ella, a usted | le |
| a nosotros/as | nos |
| a vosotros/as | os |
| a ellos, a ellas, a ustedes | les |
Some examples:
Le escribo un email a Juan.
Tengo que escribirle un email a Juan.
¡Nos va a escribir un autógrafo a nosotras!
Debe de escribirnos un autógrafo a nosotras.
Quiero escribirte una carta a ti.
Te quiero escribir una carta a ti.
Now you use five other verbs from above and write complete sentences but clarify or emphasize the IOP.
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