8.9: Conjunct Verb
- Page ID
- 120312
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Lecture: Conjunct Verb
In English, one can use a noun or an adjective like a verb. To use a noun or adjective as a verb in Hindi, one can combine verbs such as करना and होना with them. These combinations cannot be used to create a verb which already exists. However, Hindi does not always have a single verb equivalent to English verbs: such as to close (बंद करना).
| Adjectival conjunct verb | Nominal conjunct verb | |
| Forms | Adjective + करना | Noun + करना |
| Properties |
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Examples of Adjectival Conjunct Verbs
- मैंने अपना कमरा साफ़ किया| “I cleaned my room.”
- तुम अपना घर गंदा करते हो| “You make your house dirty.”
- वे कार्यक्रम की तैयारी कर रहे हैं| “They are preparing for the program.”
Examples of Nominal Conjunct Verbs
Nominal conjunct verbs can be further divided into two categories:
(a) one that requires a connecter such as kaa/kii.
Examples of nouns that require connectors:
- हमने उसकी मदद की| “We helped him/her.”
- राहुल ने गाड़ी की मरम्मत की| “Rahul fixed the car.”
- छात्र हिन्दी का अभ्यास कर रहे हैं| “Students are practicing Hindi.”
- राहुल ने घर की सफ़ाई की| “Rahul cleaned a house.”
(b) one that does not require any connector.
Examples of nouns that do not require connectors:
- राम ने मुझे क्षमा किया| “Rahul forgave me.”
- बच्चे शोर कर रहे हैं| “Children are making noise.”
- मैंने अपनी माँ को फ़ोन किया| “I called my mother.”
Conjunct Verb with होना
Conjunct verbs with होना are intransitive verbs and hence the subject must not appear with the -ne (-ने) marker when the conjunct verb comes in the perfective tense (or expresses a completed action). All the conjunct verbs with करना also have a construction with होना in which the doer of the action is usually not expressed.Adjective + होना
Examples of adjectival conjunct verbs
- मेरा कमरा साफ़ हुआ | “My room got cleaned.”
- उसका कमरा गंदा हुआ | “His house became dirty.”
- कार्यकर्म की तैयारी हो रही है | “Preparation for the program is taking place.”
Noun + होना
Like करना conjunct verb, Nominal conjunct verbs with होना can also be further dived into two categories
(a) one that requires connecter such as kaa/kii.
Examples of nouns that require connectors:
- उसकी मदद हुई | “His/her help happened (literally)./ S/he was helped.”
- गाड़ी की मरम्मत हुई | “The fixing of the car happened (literally)./ The car was fixed.”
- हिन्दी का अभ्यास हो रहा है | “Practice of Hindi is happening (literally)./Urdu is being practiced.”
(b) one that does not require any connector.
Examples of nouns that do not require connectors:
- यहाँ शोर हो रहा है | “It is noisy here.”
- कार्यकर्म खत्म हो गया | “The program ended.”
- भूल हो गयी | “The mistake happened.”
Activity 1
Please write two sentences with each of the following conjunct verbs.
| फ़ैसला करना “To decide” |
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| साफ़ करना “To clean” |
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| वापस करना “To return” |
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| ख़त्म करना “To finish” |
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| कम करना “To reduce” |
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| ठीक करना “To fix up” |
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| तैयार करना “To prepare” |
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| शुरू करना “To start” |
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| मरम्मत करना “To repair” |
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| x की मदद करना “To help X” |
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| x का इंतज़ार करना “To wait for X” |
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| x की कोशिश करना “To try X” |
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| x का अभ्यास करना “To practice X” |
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Activity 2
Please write a response of these following personalized questions and then record yourself.
https://openbooks.lib.msu.edu/ll151/?p=1367
धन्यवाद !