7.10: Grammar- Simple Future Tense
- Page ID
- 120303
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Lecture: The Simple Future Tense
Structure
Verb stem + future marker
Use of Future Markers with Different Subjects
Future markers are used based on the number, person and gender features of the agreeing subject.
| Person | Singular Pronoun | Habitual markers
Masculine/Feminine |
Plural pronoun | Habitual markers
Masculine/Feminine |
| 1st | मैं “I” | -ऊँगा/-ऊँगी | हम “We” | -एंगे/-एंगी |
| 2nd | तू “You” | -एगा/-एगी | NA | |
| तुम “You” | -ओगे/-ओगी | तुम (लोग) “You” | -ओगे/-ओगी | |
| आप “You” | -एंगे/-एंगी | आप (लोग) “You” | -एंगे/-एंगी | |
| 3rd | यह/वह “S/he,” and singular noun | -एगा/-एगी | ये/वे “They,” and plural nouns | -एंगे/-एंगी |
Note:
(a) When subject of a sentence is of mixed gender please use plural masculine aspect marker.
(b) When the verb stem ends in consonant then vowels of the aspect markers are marked as dependent vowels. For example: बोलूंगी, पढ़ेगा, खेलेंगे, बोलोगी, etc.
(c) When the verb stem ends in vowel then the aspect markers ऊँगा/ऊँगी and ओगा/ओगी are just attached. For example: जाऊँगी, आओगे, खाऊँगा, etc.
(d) When the verb stem ends in vowel then the aspect markers एगा/एगी and एंगे/एंगी are attached using a semi-consonant य. For example: जायेगा, आयेंगी, खायेगी, etc.
Negation of Progressive Aspect
In order to change progressive aspect sentences in negative, we use the word नहीं right before the verb.
Examples:
- लड़कियां फुटबॉल खेलेंगी | “Girls will play football.”
- लड़कियां फुटबॉल नहीं खेलेंगी | “Girls will not play football.”
- आप अपना कमरा साफ़ करेंगे | “You will clean your room.”
- आप अपना कमरा साफ़ नहीं करेंगे | “You will not clean your room.”
Uses of Future Tense
(a) To express future actions.
Examples:
- कल बारिश होगी | “It will rain tomorrow.”
- सब लोग घर जायेंगे | “Everyone will go home.”
- सीता और गीता एक फ़िल्म देख देखेंगी | “Sita and Geeta will watch a film.”
Activity:
Please add five more examples here. After writing your examples please change your sentences in negative too.
| Examples | Negative | |
| 1. | ||
| 2. | ||
| 3. | ||
| 4. | ||
| 5. |
(b) To express assumption/presumption
Examples:
- शायद कल बर्फ़बारी होगी | “Perhaps, it will snow tomorrow.”
- अगले साल, मैं हिन्दुस्तान जाऊँगी | “Next year, I will go to India.”
- कल सीता और गीता मुझसे मिलेंगी | “Sita and Geeta will meet me tomorrow.”
Activity:
Please add five more examples here. After writing your examples please change your sentences in negative too.
| Examples | Negative | |
| 1. | ||
| 2. | ||
| 3. | ||
| 4. | ||
| 5. |
Activities
(a) Please choose the correct form of future aspect markers based on the subject of the sentence.
https://openbooks.lib.msu.edu/ll151/?p=1124
धन्यवाद !