7.7: Grammar- Tense and Aspect
Tense
Instructor Video: Tense and Aspect
Tense is a time of an action. In all languages, tense is categorized in three types, namely, (a) present tense, (b) past tense, and (c) future tense.
In Hindi, tense is marked with auxiliary verbs and/or morphemes attached to the verb stem, as shown below.
| Past tense | Present tense | Future tense |
| Auxiliary verbs: था, थे, थी, थीं | Auxiliary verbs: हूँ, हो, है, हैं | Auxiliary verbs: होगा, होगे, होगी, होंगी |
Examples:
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Examples:
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Examples:
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Aspect
Aspect shows the manner of an action. Grammatical aspects are categorized in two types, namely, (a) imperfective aspect, and (b) perfective aspect. Imperfective aspect shows that the action is not completed. Perfective aspect shows that the action is complete.
Imperfective aspect is further categorized in two types, namely, (a) habitual and (b) progressive/continuous.
All grammatical aspects in Hindi are marked as morphemes with verb stem, as shown below.
| Imperfective Aspect | Perfective Aspect | |
| Habitual | Progressive/Continuous | |
| Morphemes: -ता. -ते, -ती | रहा, रहे, रही | -आ, -ए, -ई, -ईं |
Examples:
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Examples:
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Examples:
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Activity
Please read these sentences carefully and identify the tense and aspect.
https://openbooks.lib.msu.edu/ll151/?p=1089
धन्यवाद !